AD637
Rev. G | Page 11 of 20
FOR A1 POLE
FILTER SHORT Rx
AND REMOVE C3
1
25k
DEN
IN
BUF IN
BUFFER
OUT
SQUARER/
DIVIDER
–VS
CS
DB OUT
3COM
BIAS
2NC
4
OUT
OFF
+VS
5
25k
6
7
8
9
10
+VS
11
12
NC
13
14
RMS OUT
VIN
CAV
+
AD637
ABSOLUTE
VALUE
00788-011
–VS
+VS
CAV
VIN
+
24k
C2
4.7k
C3
24k
+
Figure 11. Two-Pole Sallen-Key Filter
Figure 12 shows values of CAV and the corresponding averaging error as a function of sine wave frequency for the standard rms
connection. The 1% settling time is shown on the right side of
Figure 13 shows the relationship between the averaging error,
signal frequency settling time, and averaging capacitor value.
averaging capacitor value. This ratio sets the magnitude of the
ac and dc errors equal at 50 Hz. As an example, by using a 1 F
averaging capacitor and a 3.3 F filter capacitor, the ripple for a
60 Hz input signal is reduced from 5.3% of the reading using
the averaging capacitor alone to 0.15% using the single-pole
filter. This gives a factor of 30 reduction in ripple and yet the
settling time only increases by a factor of 3. The values of CAV
and C2, the filter capacitors, can be calculated for the desired
value of averaging error and settling time by using
Figure 13.The symmetry of the input signal also has an effect on the
magnitude of the averaging error.
Table 5 gives the practical
component values for various types of 60 Hz input signals.
These capacitor values can be directly scaled for frequencies
other than 60 Hz; that is, for 30 Hz these values are doubled, for
120 Hz they are halved.
For applications that are extremely sensitive to ripple, the two-
pole configuration is suggested. This configuration minimizes
capacitor values and the settling time while maximizing
performance.
C2, and C3 for the desired level of ripple and settling time.
INPUT FREQUENCY (Hz)
100
0.01
1
100k
10
REQ
U
IRED
C
AV
(
F)
100
1k
10k
10
1.0
0.1
10
%
E
R
O
R
1%
E
R
O
R
0.1
%
E
R
O
R
0.0
1%
E
R
O
R
FOR
1%
SETTLIN
G
TIME
IN
SEC
ON
D
S
M
U
L
T
IPL
Y
READING
BY
0
.1
1
5
100
0.01
10
1.0
0.1
00788-012
*%dc ERROR + %RIPPLE (PEAK)
Figure 12. Values for CAV, and 1% Settling Time for Stated % of Reading
Averaging Error* Accuracy Includes ±2% Component Tolerance
(see * in Figure)
INPUT FREQUENCY (Hz)
100
0.01
1
100k
10
REQUIRED
C
AV
(AND
C2)
C2
=
3.3
×C
AV
100
1k
10k
10
1
0.1
5%
E
R
O
R
1%
E
R
O
R
0.1
%
E
R
O
R
0.0
1%
E
R
O
R
FOR
1
%
SETTLIN
G
TIME
IN
SEC
ON
D
S
MUL
T
IPL
Y
READI
NG
BY
0.
400
100
0.01
10
1
0.1
00788-014
*%dc ERROR + %RIPPLE (PEAK)
ACCURACY ±20% DUE TO
COMPONENT TOLERANCE
Figure 13. Values of CAV, C2, and 1% Settling Time for Stated % of Reading
Averaging Error* for 1-Pole Post Filter (see * in Figure)
INPUT FREQUENCY (Hz)
100
0.01
1
100k
10
REQUIRED
C
AV
(AND
C2
+
C3
)
C2
=
C3
=
2
.2
×C
AV
100
1k
10k
10
1
0.1
5%
E
R
O
R
1%
E
R
O
R
0.1
%
E
R
O
R
0.0
1%
E
R
O
R
FOR
1
%
S
E
TTLING
TIM
E
IN
S
E
C
ONDS
MULTIPLY
READING
BY
0.365
100
0.01
10
1
0.1
00788-015
*%dc ERROR + %RIPPLE (PEAK)
ACCURACY ±20% DUE TO
COMPONENT TOLERANCE
Figure 14. Values of CAV, C2, and C3 and 1% Settling Time for Stated % of
Reading Averaging Error* 2-Pole Sallen-Key Filter (see * in Figure)