
GENNUM CORPORATION
522 - 28 - 00
13
G
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The GS1545 is a single standard equalizing receiver for
serial
digital
HDTV
signals
1.485/1.001Gb/s.
at
1.485Gb/s
and
UNIQUE SLEW PHASE LOCK LOOP (S-PLL):
A unique feature of the GS1545 is the innovative slew phase
lock loop (S-PLL). When a step phase change is applied to
the PLL, the output phase gains constant rate of change
with respect to time. This behaviour is termed slew.
Figure 21 shows an example of input and output phase
variation over time for slew and linear (conventional) PLLs.
Since the slewing is a nonlinear behavior, the small signal
analysis cannot be done in the same way as the standard
PLL. However, it is still possible to plot input jitter transfer
characteristics at a constant input jitter modulation.
Fig. 21 PLL Characteristics
Slew PLLs offer several advantages such as excellent noise
immunity. Because of the infinite bandwidth for an infinitely
small input jitter modulation (or jitter introduced by VCO),
the loop corrects for that immediately thus the small signal
noise of the VCO is cancelled. The GS1545 uses a very
clean, external VCO called the GO1515 (refer to the
GO1515 Data Sheet for details). In addition, the bi-level
digital phase detector provides constant loop bandwidth
that is predominantly independent of the data transition
density. The loop bandwidth of a conventional tri-stable
charge pump drops with reducing data transitions. During
pathological signals, the data transition density reduces
from 0.5 to 0.05, but the slew PLL
’
s performance essentially
remains unchanged.
Because most of the PLL circuitry is digital, it is more like
other digital systems which are generally more robust than
their analog counterparts. Additionally, signals like DM/DM
which represent the internal functionality can be generated
without adding additional artifacts. Thus, system debugging
is also possible with these features. The complete slew PLL
is made up of several blocks including the phase detector,
the charge pump and an external Voltage Controlled
Oscillator (VCO).
DIGITAL INPUT BUFFER
The input buffer is a self-biased circuit. On-chip 50
termination resistors provide a seamless interface for other
HD-LINX
products such as the GS1504 Adaptive Cable
Equalizer. The digital input is selected by applying a logic
low to the A/D pin.
ANALOG INPUT
The HD serial data signal may be connected to the input
pins (SDI/SDI) in either a differential or single ended
configuration. AC coupling of the inputs is recommended,
as the SDI and SDI inputs are internally biased at
approximately 2.7 volts. The input signal passes through a
variable gain equalizing stage whose frequency response
closely matches the inverse cable loss characteristic. In
addition, the variation of the frequency response with
control voltage imitates the variation of the inverse cable
loss characteristic with cable length. The analog input is
selected by applying a logic high to the A/D pin.
The edge energy of the equalized signal is monitored by a
detector circuit which produces an error signal cor-
responding to the difference between the desired edge
energy and the actual edge energy. This error signal is
integrated by an internal AGC filter capacitor providing a
steady control voltage for the gain stage. As the frequency
response of the gain stage is automatically varied by the
application of negative feedback, the edge energy of the
equalized signal is kept at a constant level which is
representative of the original edge energy at the transmitter.
The equalized signal is also DC restored, effectively
restoring the logic threshold of the equalized signal to its
correct level independent of shifts due to AC coupling.
PHASE DETECTOR
The phase detector portion of the slew PLL used in the
GS1545 is a bi-level digital phase detector. It indicates
whether the data transition occurred before or after with
respect to the falling edge of the internal clock. When the
phase detector is locked, the data transition edges are
aligned to the falling edge of the clock. The input data is
then sampled by the rising edge of the clock, as shown in
Figure 22. In this manner, the allowed input jitter is 1UI p-p
in an ideal situation. However, due to setup and hold time,
the GS1545 typically achieves 0.5UI p-p input jitter
tolerance without causing any errors in this block. When the
0.2
0.1
0.0
INPUT
OUTPUT
SLEW PLL RESPONSE
P
0.2
0.1
0.0
INPUT
OUTPUT
LINEAR (CONVENTIONAL) PLL RESPONSE
P