DESIGN INFORMATION
(Continued)
The information contained in this section has been developed through characterization by Intersil Semiconductor and is for use as
application and design information only. No guarantee is implied.
8-18
HA2546
Application Information
Theory of Operation
The HA-2546 is a two quadrant multiplier with the following
three differential inputs; the signal channel, V
Y
+ and V
Y
-, the
control channel, V
X
+ and V
X
-, and the summed channel,
V
Z
+ and V
Z
-, to complete the feedback of the output ampli-
fier. The differential voltages of channel X and Y are con-
verted to differential currents. These currents are then
multiplied in a circuit similar to a Gilbert Cell multiplier, pro-
ducing a differential current product. The differential voltage
of the Z channel is converted into a differential current which
then sums with the products currents. The differential “prod-
uct/sum” currents are converted to a single-ended current
and then converted to a voltage output by a transimpedance
amplifier.
The open loop transfer equation for the HA-2546 is:
The scale factor is used to maintain the output of the multi-
plier within the normal operating range of
±
5V. The scale fac-
tor can be defined by the user by way of an optional external
resistor, R
EXT
, and the Gain Adjust pins, Gain Adjust A (GA
A), Gain Adjust B (GA B), and Gain Adjust C (GA C). The
scale factor is determined as follows:
The scale factor can be adjusted from 2 to 5. It should be
noted that any adjustments to the scale factor will affect the
AC performance of the control channel, V
X
. The normal input
operating range of V
X
is equal to the scale factor voltage.
The typical multiplier configuration is shown in Figure 1. The
ideal transfer function for this configuration is:
V
OUT
= A
(V
X+
- V
X-
) (V
Y+
- V
Y-
)
SF
- (V
Z+
- V
Z-
)
where;
A = Output Amplifier Open Loop Gain
SF = Scale Factor
V
X
, V
Y
, V
Z
= Differential Inputs
SF = 2, when GA B is shorted to GA C
SF
1.2 R
EXT
,
when R
EXT
is connected between
GA A and GA C (R
EXT
is in k
)
SF
1.2 (R
EXT
+ 1.667k
), when R
EXT
is
connected to GA B and GA C (R
EXT
is in k
)
V
OUT
=
(V
X+
- V
X-
) (V
Y+
- V
Y-
)
2
+ V
Z-
, when V
X
≥
0V
0
, when V
X
< 0V
FIGURE 1.
The V
X-
pin is usually connected to ground so that when V
X+
is negative there is no signal at the output, i.e. two quadrant
operation. If the V
X
input is a negative going signal the V
X+
pin maybe grounded and the V
X-
pin used as the control
input.
The V
Y-
terminal is usually grounded allowing the V
Y+
to
swing
±
5V. The V
Z+
terminal is usually connected directly to
V
OUT
to complete the feedback loop of the output amplifier
while V
Z-
is grounded. The scale factor is normally set to 2
by connecting GA B to GA C. Therefore the transfer equation
simplifies to V
OUT
= (V
X
V
Y
) / 2.
Offset Adjustment
The signal channel offset voltage may be nulled by using a
20k
potentiometer between V
YIO
Adjust pins A and B and
connecting the wiper to -V. Reducing the signal channel off-
set will reduce V
X
AC feedthrough. Output offset voltage can
also be nulled by connecting V
Z-
to the wiper of a 20k
potentiometer which is tied between +V and -V.
Capacitive Drive Capability
When driving capacitive loads >20pF, a 50
resistor is rec-
ommended between V
OUT
and V
Z+
, using V
Z+
as the output
(See Figure 1). This will prevent the multiplier from going
unstable.
Power Supply Decoupling
Power supply decoupling is essential for high frequency cir-
cuits. A 0.01
μ
F high quality ceramic capacitor at each supply
pin in parallel with a 1
μ
F tantalum capacitor will provide
excellent decoupling. Chip capacitors produce the best
results due to the close spacing with which they may be
placed to the supply pins minimizing lead inductance.
Adjusting Scale Factor
The HA-2546 two quadrant multiplier may be configured for
many uses. Following are examples of a few typical applica-
tions.
NC
NC
V
Y
+
V-
V
OUT
V+
V
X
+
NC
NC
50
1K
50pF
14
15
16
9
13
12
11
10
1
2
3
4
5
7
6
8
Σ
+
-
REF
Y
X
Z
-
+
-
+
-
+
Spec Number
511050-883