11
FN4235.6
June 6, 2006
For applications where the 2-wire impedance (ZTR,
Equation 15) is chosen to equal the line impedance (ZL), the
expression for A4-2 simplifies to:
(AC) 4-Wire to 4-Wire Gain
The 4-wire to 4-wire gain is equal to VTX/VRX.
From Equations 9, 10 and 11 with EG = 0:
Transhybrid Circuit
The purpose of the transhybrid circuit is to remove the receive
signal (VRX) from the transmit signal (VTX), thereby preventing
an echo on the transmit side. This is accomplished by using an
external op amp (usually part of the CODEC) and by the
inversion of the signal from the 4-wire receive port (RSN) to the
4-wire transmit port (VTX). Figure 16 shows the transhybrid
circuit. The input signal will be subtracted from the output signal
if I1 equals I2. Node analysis yields the following equation:
The value of ZB is then:
Where VRX/VTX equals 1/ A4-4.
Therefore:
Example:
Given: RTX = 20k, ZRX = 280k, ZT = 562k (standard
value), RF = 20 and Z = 600,
The value of ZB = 18.7k
Supervisory Functions
The loop current and the ring trip detector outputs are
multiplexed to a single logic output pin called DET. See
Table 1 to determine the active detector for a given logic
input. For further discussion of the logic circuitry see section
titled “Digital Logic Inputs”.
Before proceeding with an explanation of the loop current
detector and the longitudinal impedance, it is important to
understand the difference between a “metallic” and
“l(fā)ongitudinal” loop currents. Figure 17 illustrates 3 different
types of loop current encountered.
Case 1 illustrates the metallic loop current. The definition of
a metallic loop current is when equal currents flow out of tip
and into ring. Loop current is a metallic current.
VTX
R
SN
TIP
RING
IM
ZTR
VTR
EG
VTX
IM
1000
VTX
ZRX
1
HC5515
RF
A = 4
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
ZT
+
-
VRX
+
-
A = 250
IM
ZL
FIGURE 15. SIMPLIFIED AC TRANSMISSION CIRCUIT
A
42
–
Z
T
Z
RX
-----------
–
1
2
---
=
(EQ. 19)
A
44
–
V
TX
V
RX
-----------
Z
T
Z
RX
-----------
–
Z
L
2R
F
+
Z
T
1000
-------------
2R
F
Z
L
++
--------------------------------------------
==
(EQ. 20)
V
TX
R
TX
-----------
V
RX
Z
B
-----------
+
0
=
(EQ. 21)
Z
B
R
–
TX
V
RX
V
TX
-----------
=
(EQ. 22)
Z
B
R
TX
Z
RX
Z
T
-----------
Z
T
1000
-------------
2R
F
Z
L
++
Z
L
2R
F
+
--------------------------------------------
=
(EQ. 23)
HC5515
VTX
R
SN
RTX
RFB
CODEC/
FILTER
I1
I2
VTX
ZRX
ZT
+
-
ZB
VRX
+
-
+
-
FIGURE 16. TRANSHYBRID CIRCUIT
HC5515