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參數(shù)資料
| 型號(hào)： | LTS15D10C-01 |
| 元件分類： | 模擬信號(hào)調(diào)理 |
| 英文描述： | SPECIALTY ANALOG CIRCUIT, XSS |
| 文件頁數(shù)： | 8/9頁 |
| 文件大?。?/td> | 0K |
| 代理商： | LTS15D10C-01 |
(7/8)
002-01 / 20070227 / eb461_ts.fm
All specifications are subject to change without notice.
2-TERMINAL TYPE POWDER LEVEL SENSORS
PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION
The two-terminal type powder level sensor comprises a piezoelec-
tric ceramic equipped with electrodes on both sides. The sensor is
operated by applying an external AC signal to the electrodes on
both sides (Fig. 10).
In contrast to the three-terminal type powder level sensor, the
vibration does not stop even after a load is applied since the vibra-
tion is caused by an external AC signal. The changes in unimorph
characteristics are used to distinguish whether or not a load is
applied to the sensor diaphragm surface. In the equivalent circuit
diagram shown in Fig.11, Cd denotes electrostatic capacitance, L0
denotes equivalent mass, C0 denotes the inverse number of the
equivalent stiffness and R0 denotes equivalent mechanical resis-
tance. The frequency at the impedance minimum in Fig.12 is the
series resonance point of L0, C0, and R0.
The unimorph of the two-terminal type sensor becomes inductive
in the vicinity of the resonance point when unloaded and exhibits a
capacitance at other times. However as the load upon the sensor
diaphragm surface increases, the phase characteristics gradually
change, and the sensor exhibits a capacitance over the entire fre-
quency range as the load is increased above a certain
value(Fig.12).
Using this characteristic, the loading is determined by detecting
the phase in the vicinity of the unimorph resonance point and
determining whether the sensor exhibits inductance (no load is
applied to the sensor diaphragm surface) or capacitance (load is
applied to the sensor diaphragm surface). This in turn allows the
sensor to detect the presence or absence of powder on the sensor
diaphragm surface.
TDK has built a special chip into this two-terminal type sensor to
realize stable driving and detection characteristics. The special
chip includes a sweep oscillator circuit, waveform shaping/amplifi-
cation circuit, phase detector circuit and digital control circuit.
Since the resonance frequency for the toner sensor is centered in
the vicinity of 6kHz, a frequency sweep from 4 to 8kHz is per-
formed to determine whether the signal from the sensor is induc-
tive or capacitive within this frequency range. If the piezoelectric
element is detected to be inductive during a sweep, a primary sig-
nal output indicates the "non-loaded" condition. If piezoelectric ele-
ment inductance is not detected during a sweep, the primary signal
output indicates the "loaded" condition. Although the presence or
absence of toner can be detected simply based on this output sig-
nal, a counter is provided that improves sensor accuracy by aver-
aging out output chattering (frequent alternating toner loaded /
non-loaded indications from the sensor diaphragm surface). Toner
detection is stabilized by providing final sensor output as a second-
ary output passing through this counter.
Fig.12: Frequency characteristics of impedance and phase change with contact
load to be applied to piezoelectric vibrator surface
Metal
diaphragm
Piezoelectric
disk
Electrode
Fig.10: Structure of 2-terminal piezoelectric unimorph vibrator
L
0
R
0
C
d
C
0
Fig.11: Equivalent circuit of 2-terminal piezoelectric unimorph vibrator
Impedance
Phase
4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 7500 8000
90
70
30
50
10
–10
–30
–50
–70
–90
Phase
( deg
)
0
4000
6000
2000
8000
12000
10000
16000
14000
18000
20000
Impedance
(
)
Frequency(Hz)
θ max.
R0
Impedance
Phase
4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 7500 8000
90
70
30
50
10
–10
–30
–50
–70
–90
Phase
( deg
)
0
4000
6000
2000
8000
12000
10000
16000
14000
18000
20000
Impedance
(
)
Frequency(Hz)
Fr
Impedance
Phase
4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 7500 8000
90
70
30
50
10
–10
–30
–50
–70
–90
Phase
( deg
)
0
4000
6000
2000
8000
12000
10000
16000
14000
18000
20000
Impedance
(
)
Frequency(Hz)
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