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| 型號(hào)： | M37212M8 |
| 廠商： | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation |
| 英文描述： | Single Chip 8 Bits Microcomputer(8位單片機(jī)) |
| 中文描述： | 單芯片8位單片機(jī)（8位單片機(jī)） |
| 文件頁(yè)數(shù)： | 44/119頁(yè) |
| 文件大小： | 1308K |
| 代理商： | M37212M8 |
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44
SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT CMOS MICROCOMPUTER for VOLTAGE SYNTHESIZER
with ON-SCREEN DISPLAY CONTROLLER
M37212M4/M8–XXXSP, M37212M6–XXXSP/FP
M37212EFSP/FP
MITSUBISHI MICROCOMPUTERS
Rev. 1.0
8.7 PWM OUTPUT FUNCTION
This microcomputer is equipped with two 14-bit PWM (DA) and eight
8-bit PWMs (PWM0–PWM7). DA1 and DA2 have a 14-bit resolution
with the minimum resolution bit width of 0.25
μ
s and a repeat period
of 4096
μ
s (for f(X
IN
) = 8 MHz). PWM0–PWM7 have the same circuit
structure and an 8-bit resolution with minimum resolution bit width of
4
μ
s and repeat period of 1024
μ
s (for f(X
IN
) = 8 MHz).
Figure 8.7.1 shows the PWM block diagram. The PWM timing gen-
erating circuit applies individual control signals to DA and PWM0–
PWM7 using f(X
IN
) divided by 2 as a reference signal.
8.7.1 Data Setting
When outputting DA, first set the high-order 8 bits to the DA-H regis-
ter (address 00CE
16
), then the low-order 6 bits to the DA-L register
(address 00CF
16
). When outputting PWM0–PWM7, set 8-bit output
data to the PWMi register (i means 0 to 7; addresses 00D0
16
to
00D4
16
, 00F6
16
to 00F8
16
).
8.7.2 Transferring Data from Registers to PWM
Circuit
Data transfer from the 8-bit PWM register to the 8-bit PWM circuit is
executed at writing data to the register.
The signal output from the 8-bit PWM output pin corresponds to the
contents of this register.
Also, data transfer from the DA register (addresses 00CE
16
and
00CF
16
) to the 14-bit PWM circuit is executed at writing data to the
DA-L register (address 00CF
16
). Reading from the DA-H register
(address 00CE
16
) means reading this transferred data. Accordingly,
it is possible to confirm the data being output from the DA output pin
by reading the DA register.
8.7.3 Operating of 8-bit PWM
The following explains PWM operation.
First, set the bit 0 of PWM output control register 1 (address 00D5
16
)
to “0” (at reset, bit 0 is already set to “0” automatically), so that the
PWM count source is supplied.
PWM0–PWM3 are also used as pins P6
0
–P6
3
, PWM4–PWM7 are
also used as ports P0
0
–P0
3
, respectively. For PWM0–PWM3, set
the corresponding bits of the ports P6 direction register to “1” (output
mode). For PWM4–PWM7, set those of the port P0 direction regis-
ter to “1.” And select each output polarity by bit 3 of PWM output
control register 2 (address 00D6
16
). Then, for PWM0–PWM5, set
bits 2 to 7 of PWM output control register 1 to “1” (PWM output). For
PWM6 and PWM7, set bits 0 and 1 of PWM output control register 2
to “1.”
The PWM waveform is output from the PWM output pins by setting
these registers.
Figure 8.7.2 shows the 8-bit PWM timing. One cycle (T) is com-
posed of 256 (2
8
) segments. The 8 kinds of pulses, relative to the
weight of each bit (bits 0 to 7), are output inside the circuit during 1
cycle. Refer to Figure 8.7.2 (a). The 8-bit PWM outputs waveform
which is the logical sum (OR) of pulses corresponding to the con-
tents of bits 0 to 7 of the 8-bit PWM register. Several examples are
shown in Figure 8.7.2 (b). 256 kinds of output (HIGH area: 0/256 to
255/256) are selected by changing the contents of the PWM regis-
ter. A length of entirely HIGH output cannot be output, i.e. 256/256.
8.7.4 Operating of 14-bit PWM
As with 8-bit PWM, set the bit 0 of PWM output control register 1
(address 00D5
16
) to “0” (at reset, bit 0 is already set to “0” automati-
cally), so that the PWM count source is supplied. Next, select the
output polarity by bit 2 of PWM output control register 2 (address
00D6
16
). Then, the 14-bit PWM outputs from the DA output pin by
setting bit 1 of PWM output control register 1 to “0” (at reset, this bit
already set to “0” automatically) to select the DA output.
The output example of the 14-bit PWM is shown in Figure 8.7.3.
The 14-bit PWM divides the data of the DA latch into the low-order 6
bits and the high-order 8 bits.
The fundamental waveform is determined with the high-order 8-bit
data “D
H
.” A HIGH area with a length t
D
H
(HIGH area of funda-
mental waveform) is output every short area of “t” = 256
τ
=
64
μ
s (
τ
is the minimum resolution bit width of 250 ns). The HIGH
level area increase interval (t
m
) is determined with the low-order 6-bit
data “D
L
.” The HIGH are of smaller intervals “t
m
” shown in Table 5 is
longer by t than that of other smaller intervals in PWM repeat period
“T” = 64t. Thus, a rectangular waveform with the different HIGH width
is output from the DA pins. Accordingly, the PWM output changes by
τ
unit pulse width by changing the contents of the DA-H and DA-L
registers. A length of entirely HIGH cannot be output, i. e. 256/256.
8.7.5 Output after Reset
At reset, the output of ports P6
0
–P6
3
and P0
0
–P0
3
are in the high-
impedance state, and the contents of the PWM register and the
PWM circuit are undefined. Note that after reset, the PWM output is
undefined until setting the PWM register.
LSB
Table 8.7.1 Relation Between the Low-order 6-bit Data and High-
level Area Increase Interval
Area Longer by
τ
than That of Other t
m
(m = 0 to 63)
Nothing
m = 32
m = 16, 48
m = 8, 24, 40, 56
m = 4, 12, 20, 28, 36, 44, 52, 60
m =
2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22, 26, 30, 34, 38, 42, 46, 50, 54, 58, 62
m = 1, 3, 5, 7,................................. 57, 59, 61, 63
Low-order 6 bits of Data
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 0
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