MC33110
10
MOTOROLA RF/IF DEVICE DATA
Figure 25. Expander
2.2
μ
F
Iref
Rectifier
IControl
10 k
Gain
VB
Output
4.7 k
+
–
Input
5
VCC
10 k
3
4
Expander
The expander is an operational amplifier with a fixed
feedback resistor and a variable gain cell in its input path as
shown in Figure 25.
The input signal is sampled by the precision rectifier
which, in turn, supplies a dc signal (IControl), representative
of the ac input signal, to the variable gain cell. The reference
current (Iref) is an internally generated precision current. The
effective impedance of the variable gain cell varies with the
ratio of the two currents, and decreases as IControl increases,
thereby providing expansion. The output is related to the
input by the following equation:
Vout = 10 x (Vin)2
(Equation 5)
In terms of dB levels, the relationship is:
Vout(dB) = 2.0 x Vin(dB)
(Equation 6)
where 0 dB = 100 mVrms (see Figure 3 and 5).
The inputs and output are internally biased at VB(VCC/2),
and must therefore be capacitor coupled to external circuitry.
The input impedance at Pin 5 is nominally 3.2 k
(
±
20%),
and the maximum functional input signal is shown in
Figure 18. Bias currents required by the op amp and the
variable gain cell are internally supplied. Due to clamp diodes
at the input (to VCC and ground), the input signal must be
maintained between the supply rails. If the input signal goes
more than 0.5 V above VCC or below ground, excessive
currents will flow, and distortion will show up at the output.
The output of the rectifier is filtered by the capacitor at
Pin 3, which, in conjunction with an internal 10 k resistor,
provides the time constant for the attack and decay times.
Figure 15 and 17 indicate how the times vary with the
capacitor value. If the attack and decay times are decreased
by using a smaller capacitor, performance at low frequencies
will degrade.
Power Supply
The MC33110 requires a power supply voltage between
2.1 V and 7.0 V, and a nominal current of 3.5 mA. The supply
voltage should be well filtered and free of ripple. A minimum
of 4.7
μ
F in parallel with a 0.01
μ
F capacitor is recommended
for filtering and RF bypass.
VB (Pin 6) is an internally generated mid supply reference,
and is used internally as an ac ground. The external capacitor
at Pin 6 filters this voltage, and its value affects the power
supply noise rejection as shown in Figures 6 through 9. This
reference voltage may be used to bias external circuitry as
long as the current draw is limited to <10
μ
A.