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SBAS354 JUNE 2005
www.ti.com
34
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
This section provides practical information for system and
hardware engineers that are designing in the PCM4108.
BASIC CIRCUIT CONFIGURATIONS
Figure 19 shows a typical circuit configuration for the
PCM4108 operated in Standalone and Software modes.
Power supply bypass and reference decoupling
capacitors should be placed as close to the corresponding
PCM4108 pins as possible. Separate power supplies are
utilized for the analog and digital sections, with +5V
required for the PCM4108 analog supplies and +3.3V
required for the digital supply.
The +5V analog supply may be derived from a higher
valued, positive analog power supply using a linear
voltage regulator, such as the REG103 available from
Texas Instruments. The +3.3V digital supply can be
derived from a primary +5V digital supply using a linear
voltage regulator, such as the REG1117, also from TI. The
PCM4108EVM evaluation module provides an example of
how the common ground with separate supply approach
can be successfully implemented. The PCM4108EVM
User’s Guide includes schematics and PCB layout plots
for reference. The evaluation module is available through
Texas Instruments’ distributors and sales representatives,
or may be ordered online through the TI eStore, which can
be
accessed
through
the
http://www.ti.com
.
TI
home
page
at
The master clock generator supplies the system clock for
the PCM4108, as well as the audio data source, such as
a digital signal processor. The LRCK and BCK audio
clocks should be derived from the system clock, in order
to ensure synchronous operation.
ANALOG OUTPUT FILTER CIRCUITS
An external output filter is recommended for each
differential output pair. The external output filter further
reduces the out-of-band noise energy produced by the
delta-sigma modulator, while providing band limiting
suitable for audio reproduction. A 2nd-order Butterworth
low-pass filter circuit with a 3dB corner frequency from
50kHz to 180kHz is recommended.
The configuration of the output filter circuit depends on
whether a single-ended or differential output is required.
Single-ended outputs are commonly used in consumer
playback systems, while differential or balanced outputs
are used in many professional audio applications, such as
recording or broadcast studios and live sound systems.
Figure 20 illustrates an active filter circuit that uses a single
op amp to provide both 2nd-order low-pass filtering and
differential to single-ended signal conversion. This circuit
is used on the PCM4108EVM evaluation module and
meets the published typical Electrical Characteristics for
dynamic performance. The single-ended output is
convenient for connecting to both headphone and power
amplifiers when used for listening tests.
The quality of the op amp used is this circuit is important,
as many devices will degrade the dynamic range and/or
total
harmonic
distortion
specifications for the PCM4108. An NE5534A is shown in
Figure 20 and provides both low noise and distortion.
Bipolar input op amps with equivalent specifications
should produce similar measurement results. Devices that
exhibit higher equivalent input noise voltage, such as the
Texas Instruments OPA134 or OPA604 families, will
produce
lower
dynamic
(approximately 1dB to 2dB lower than the typical
PCM4108 specification), while having little or no impact on
the THD+N specification when measuring a full-scale
output level.
plus
noise
(THD+N)
range
measurements
Figure 21 illustrates a fully-differential output filter circuit
suitable for use with the PCM4108. The OPA1632 from
Texas Instruments provides the fully differential signal path
in this circuit. The OPA1632 features very low noise and
distortion, making it suitable for high-end audio
applications.
Texas Instruments provides a free software tool,
FilterPro , used to assist in the design of active filter
circuits. The software supports design of multiple
feedback (MFB), Sallen-Key, and fully differential filter
circuits. FilterPro is available from the TI web site.
Additionally, TI document number SBAF001A, also
available from the TI web site, provides pertinent
application information regarding the proper usage of the
FilterPro program.
P