2005 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS41106B-page 67
PIC16C712/716
10.0
INSTRUCTION SET SUMMARY
Each PIC16CXXX instruction is a 14-bit word divided
into an OPCODE which specifies the instruction type
and one or more operands which further specify the
operation of the instruction. The PIC16CXXX instruc-
tion set summary in Table 10-2 lists byte-oriented, bit- oriented,
and
literal
and
control
operations.
For byte-oriented instructions, ‘f’ represents a file
register designator and ‘d’ represents a destination
designator. The file register designator specifies which
file register is to be used by the instruction.
The destination designator specifies where the result of
the operation is to be placed. If ‘d’ is zero, the result is
placed in the W register. If ‘d’ is one, the result is placed
in the file register specified in the instruction.
For bit-oriented instructions, ‘b’ represents a bit field
designator which selects the number of the bit affected
by the operation, while ‘f’ represents the number of the
file in which the bit is located.
For literal and control operations, ‘k’ represents an
eight or eleven bit constant or literal value.
TABLE 10-1:
OPCODE FIELD
DESCRIPTIONS
The instruction set is highly orthogonal and is grouped
into three basic categories:
Byte-oriented operations
Bit-oriented operations
Literal and control operations
All instructions are executed within one single instruc-
tion cycle, unless a conditional test is true or the pro-
gram counter is changed as a result of an instruction.
In this case, the execution takes two instruction cycles
with the second cycle executed as a NOP. One instruc-
tion cycle consists of four oscillator periods. Thus, for
an oscillator frequency of 4 MHz, the normal instruction
execution time is 1
μs. If a conditional test is true or the
program counter is changed as a result of an
instruction, the instruction execution time is 2
μs.
Table 10-2 lists the instructions recognized by the
MPASM assembler.
instructions can have.
All examples use the following format to represent a
hexadecimal number:
0xhh
where h signifies a hexadecimal digit.
FIGURE 10-1:
GENERAL FORMAT FOR
INSTRUCTIONS
A description of each instruction is available in the
PICmicro Mid-Range Reference Manual, (DS33023).
Field
Description
f
Register file address (0x00 to 0x7F)
W
Working register (accumulator)
b
Bit address within an 8-bit file register
k
Literal field, constant data or label
x
Don’t care location (= 0 or 1)
The assembler will generate code with x = 0. It is the
recommended form of use for compatibility with all
Microchip software tools.
d
Destination select; d = 0: store result in W,
d = 1: store result in file register f.
Default is d = 1
PC
Program Counter
TO
Time-out bit
PD
Power-down bit
Z
Zero bit
DC
Digit Carry bit
C
Carry bit
Note:
To maintain upward compatibility with
future PIC16CXXX products, do not use
the OPTION and TRIS instructions.
Byte-oriented file register operations
13
8
7
6
0
d = 0 for destination W
OPCODE
d
f (FILE #)
d = 1 for destination f
f = 7-bit file register address
Bit-oriented file register operations
13
10 9
7 6
0
OPCODE
b (BIT #)
f (FILE #)
b = 3-bit bit address
f = 7-bit file register address
Literal and control operations
13
8
7
0
OPCODE
k (literal)
k = 8-bit immediate value
13
11
10
0
OPCODE
k (literal)
k = 11-bit immediate value
General
CALL
and GOTO instructions only