11
SP6828DS/11 SP6828/6829 +3V Low Power Voltage Inverter Copyright 2000 Sipex Corporation
the charge pump capacitors, and P
is the total
conversion loss during charge transfer between
the flying and output capacitors. These are the
three theoretical factors that may effect the power
efficiency of the
SP6828/6829
devices in designs.
Internal losses come from the power dissipated
in the IC's internal circuitry.
Losses in the charge pump capacitors will be
induced by the capacitors' ESR. The effects of
the ESR losses and the output resistance can be
found in the following equation:
I
OUT
2
x R
OUT
= P
CAP
+ P
CONV
and
R
OUT
≈
4 x (2 x R
SWITCHES
+ ESR
C1
) +
ESR
C2
+
f
OSC
x C1
,
where I
is the output current, R
is the
circuit's output resistance, R
is the internal
resistance of the MOSFET switches, ESR
and
ESR
C2
are the ESR of their respective capacitors,
and f
OSC
is the oscillator frequency. This term
with f
is derived from an ideal switched-
capacitor circuit as seen in
Figure 22
.
Conversion losses will happen during the charge
transfer between the flying capacitor, C1, and
the output capacitor, C2, when there is a voltage
difference between them. P
CONV
can be determined
by the following equation:
P
CONV
= f
OSC
x [
1
/
2
x C1 x (V
IN
2
- V
OUT
2
) +
1
/
2
x C2 x (V
RIPPLE
2
- 2 x V
OUT
x V
RIPPLE
) ].
Actual Efficiency
To determine the actual efficiency of the
SP6828/
6829
device operation, a designer can use the
following equation:
Efficiency (ACTUAL) = P
P
IN
,
where
P
OUT
= V
OUT
x I
OUT
and
P
IN
= V
IN
x I
IN
where P
is the power output, V
is the
output voltage, I
is the output current, P
is
the power from the supply driving the
SP6828/
6829
devices, V
is the supply input voltage, and
I
IN
is the supply input current.
Ideal Efficiency
The ideal efficiency is not the true power
efficiency because it is not calculated relative to
the input power which includes the input current
losses in the charge pump. The ideal efficiency
can be determined with the following equation:
Efficiency (IDEAL) = P
P
OUT (IDEAL)
,
where
P
OUT (IDEAL)
= -V
IN
x-V
IN
R
L
,
and P
is the measured power output. Both
efficiencies are provided to designers for
comparison.
Figure 22. Equivalent Circuit for an Ideal Switched
Capacitor
V+
C2
R
L
V
OUT
C1
f
V+
C2
R
L
V
OUT
R
equivalent
=
1
f x C1
R
equivalent