10
SP6832DS/04 SP6832 High Speed, High Efficiency Voltage Inverter Copyright 2000 Sipex Corporation
Negative Voltage Converter
The typical operating circuit for the
SP6832
devices is a negative voltage converter. Refer to
Figure 14
. This circuit is used to obtain the
Typical Performance Characteristics found in
Figures 1
to
13
(unless otherwise noted).
Voltage Inverter with the Load from
V
to V
A designer can find the most common application
for the
SP6832
devices in
Figure 15
as a voltage
inverter. The only external components needed
are 3 capacitors: the flying capacitor, C1, the
output capacitor, C2, and the bypass capacitor,
C3 (if necessary).
Driving Excessive Loads
The output should never be pulled above ground.
A designer should implement a Schottky diode
(1N5817) from OUT to GND when driving
heavy loads where a higher supply is sourcing
current into OUT. Refer to
Figure 18
for this
circuit connection.
APPLICATION INFORMATION
For the following applications, C1 = C2 = 0.1
μ
F
Capacitor Selection
Low ESR capacitors are needed to obtain low
output resistance. Refer to
Table 1
for some
suggested low ESR capacitors. The output
resistance of the
SP6832
is a function of the
ESR of C1 and C2. This output resistance can
be determined by the equation previously
provided in the
Efficiency
section:
R
OUT
≈
4 x (2 x R
SWITCHES
+ ESR
C1
) +
ESR
C2
+
1
f
OSC
x C1
,
where R
is the circuit output resistance,
R
is the internal resistance of the MOSFET
switches, ESR
and ESR
are the ESR of their
respective capacitors, and f
OSC
is the oscillator
frequency. This term with f
is derived from an
ideal switched-capacitor circuit as seen in
Figure 21
.
Minimizing the ESR of C1 and C2 will minimize
the total output resistance and will improve the
efficiency.
Flying Capacitor
Decreasing flying capacitor, C1, values will
increase the output resistance of the
SP6832
while increasing C1 will reduce the output
resistance. There is a point where increasing
C1 will have a negligible effect on the
output resistance due to the domination of
the output resistance by the internal MOSFET
switch resistance and the total capacitor ESR.
Output Capacitor
Increasing output capacitor, C2, values will
decrease the output ripple voltage. Reducing the
ESR of C2 will reduce both output ripple voltage
and output resistance. If higher output ripple can
be tolerated in designs, smaller capacitance values
for C2 should be used with light loads. The
following equation can be used to calculate the
peak-to-peak ripple voltage:
V
RIPPLE
= 2 x I
OUT
x ESR
C2
+
I
OUT
f
OSC
x C2
.
Input Bypass Capacitor
The bypass capacitor at the input pin will reduce
AC impedance and the impact of any of
the
SP6832
devices' switching noise. It is
recommended that for heavy loads a bypass
capacitor approximately equal to the flying
capacitor, C1, be used. For light loads, the value
of the bypass capacitor can be reduced.
When loading the
SP6832
devices from IN to
OUT, the input current remains constant
(disregarding any spikes due to internal
switching). Implementing a 0.1
μ
F bypass
capacitor should be sufficient.
When loading the
SP6832
devices from OUT to
GND, the current from the supply will flow
into the input for half of the cycle and will be
zero for the other half of the cycle. Designers
should implement a large bypass capacitor
if the supply has a high AC impedance.