PIC18F1230/1330
2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39758D-page 155
15.1.3
AUTO-BAUD RATE DETECT
The Enhanced USART module supports the automatic
detection and calibration of baud rate. This feature is
active only in Asynchronous mode and while the WUE
bit is clear.
The automatic baud rate measurement sequence
and the ABDEN bit is set. The calculation is
self-averaging.
In the Auto-Baud Rate Detect (ABD) mode, the clock to
the BRG is reversed. Rather than the BRG clocking the
incoming RX signal, the RX signal is timing the BRG. In
ABD mode, the internal Baud Rate Generator is used
as a counter to time the bit period of the incoming serial
byte stream.
Once the ABDEN bit is set, the state machine will clear
the BRG and look for a Start bit. The Auto-Baud Rate
Detect must receive a byte with the value 55h (ASCII
“U”, which is also the LIN/J2602 bus Sync character) in
order to calculate the proper bit rate. The measurement
is taken over both a low and a high bit time in order to
minimize any effects caused by asymmetry of the incom-
ing signal. After a Start bit, the SPBRG begins counting
up, using the preselected clock source on the first rising
edge of RX. After eight bits on the RX pin or the fifth ris-
ing edge, an accumulated value totalling the proper BRG
period is left in the SPBRGH:SPBRG register pair. Once
the 5th edge is seen (this should correspond to the Stop
bit), the ABDEN bit is automatically cleared.
If a rollover of the BRG occurs (an overflow from FFFFh
to 0000h), the event is trapped by the ABDOVF status
bit (BAUDCON<7>). It is set in hardware by BRG
rollovers and can be set or cleared by the user in
software. ABD mode remains active after rollover
While calibrating the baud rate period, the BRG
registers are clocked at 1/8th the preconfigured clock
rate. Note that the BRG clock can be configured by the
BRG16 and BRGH bits. The BRG16 bit must be set to
use both SPBRG1 and SPBRGH1 as a 16-bit counter.
This allows the user to verify that no carry occurred for
8-bit modes by checking for 00h in the SPBRGH regis-
ter. Refer to
Table 15-4 for counter clock rates to the
BRG.
While the ABD sequence takes place, the EUSART
state machine is held in Idle. The RCIF interrupt is set
once the fifth rising edge on RX is detected. The value
in the RCREG needs to be read to clear the RCIF
interrupt. The contents of RCREG should be discarded.
TABLE 15-4:
BRG COUNTER
CLOCK RATES
15.1.3.1
ABD and EUSART Transmission
Since the BRG clock is reversed during ABD
acquisition, the EUSART transmitter cannot be used
during ABD. This means that whenever the ABDEN bit
is set, TXREG cannot be written to. Users should also
ensure that ABDEN does not become set during a
transmit sequence. Failing to do this may result in
unpredictable EUSART operation.
Note 1:
If the WUE bit is set with the ABDEN bit,
Auto-Baud Rate Detection will occur on
the byte following the Break character.
2:
It is up to the user to determine that the
incoming character baud rate is within the
range of the selected BRG clock source.
Some combinations of oscillator frequency
and EUSART baud rates are not possible
due to bit error rates. Overall system
timing and communication baud rates
must be taken into consideration when
using the Auto-Baud Rate Detection
feature.
3:
To maximize baud rate range, it is recom-
mended to set the BRG16 bit if the auto-
baud feature is used.
BRG16
BRGH
BRG Counter Clock
00
FOSC/512
01
FOSC/128
10
FOSC/128
11
FOSC/32