164
ATmega165A/PA/325A/PA/3250A/PA/645A/P/6450A/P [DATASHEET]
8285E–AVR–02/2013
20.7.7
Flushing the Receive Buffer
The receiver buffer FIFO will be flushed when the Receiver is disabled, i.e., the buffer will be emptied of its con-
tents. Unread data will be lost. If the buffer has to be flushed during normal operation, due to for instance an error
condition, read the UDRn I/O location until the RXCn Flag is cleared. The following code example shows how to
flush the receive buffer.
Note:
20.8
Asynchronous Data Reception
The USART includes a clock recovery and a data recovery unit for handling asynchronous data reception. The
clock recovery logic is used for synchronizing the internally generated baud rate clock to the incoming asynchro-
nous serial frames at the RxD pin. The data recovery logic samples and low pass filters each incoming bit, thereby
improving the noise immunity of the Receiver. The asynchronous reception operational range depends on the
accuracy of the internal baud rate clock, the rate of the incoming frames, and the frame size in number of bits.
20.8.1
Asynchronous Clock Recovery
The clock recovery logic synchronizes internal clock to the incoming serial frames.
Figure 20-5 illustrates the sam-
pling process of the start bit of an incoming frame. The sample rate is 16 times the baud rate for Normal mode, and
eight times the baud rate for Double Speed mode. The horizontal arrows illustrate the synchronization variation
due to the sampling process. Note the larger time variation when using the Double Speed mode (U2Xn = 1) of
operation. Samples denoted zero are samples done when the RxD line is idle (i.e., no communication activity).
Figure 20-5. Start Bit sampling.
When the clock recovery logic detects a high (idle) to low (start) transition on the RxD line, the start bit detection
sequence is initiated. Let sample 1 denote the first zero-sample as shown in the figure. The clock recovery logic
then uses samples 8, 9, and 10 for Normal mode, and samples 4, 5, and 6 for Double Speed mode (indicated with
sample numbers inside boxes on the figure), to decide if a valid start bit is received. If two or more of these three
samples have logical high levels (the majority wins), the start bit is rejected as a noise spike and the Receiver
Assembly code example
USART_Flush:
sbis
UCSR0A, RXC0
ret
in
r16, UDR0
rjmp
USART_Flush
C code example
void
USART_Flush( void )
{
unsigned char
dummy;
while
( UCSR0A & (1<<RXC0) ) dummy = UDR0;
}
12
34
56
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
12
START
IDLE
0
BIT 0
3
123
4
5
678
12
0
RxD
Sample
(U2X = 0)
Sample
(U2X = 1)