1995 Dec 08
12
Philips Semiconductors
Objective specification
Bitstream continuous calibration filter-DAC
for CD-ROM audio applications
TDA1388T
Volume control
The volume of the left and right channels are controlled by
a fixed value (0 dB) in the static-pin mode and by separate
registers in the microcontroller mode. In the
microcontroller mode the values of both channels can
vary, independent of each other, from 0 dB to
∞
dB.
Since there is no headroom included into the sound control
section, the volume control precedes the sound control.
Full volume and neutral setting (flat) of the sound control
results in full-scale output. Any tone boost will directly
cause clipping, which can be avoided by reduction of the
volume setting.
Bass boost
A strong bass boost effect, which is useful in
compensating for poor response of portable headphone
sets, is implemented digitally in the TDA1388T and can be
controlled in the microcontroller mode. In the static-pin
mode, the flat setting is fixed. In the microcontroller mode,
valid settings range from flat (no influence on audio) to
+18 dB with step sizes of 2 dB in minimum and to +24 dB
with step sizes of 2 dB in maximum. The programmable
bass boost filter is a 2nd-order shelving type with a fixed
corner frequency of 130 Hz for the minimum setting and a
fixed corner frequency of 230 Hz for the maximum setting
and has a Butterworth characteristic. Because of the
exceptional amount of programmable gain, bass boost
should be used with adequate prior attenuation, using the
volume control.
Treble
A treble effect is implemented digitally in the TDA1388T
and can be controlled in the microcontroller mode. In the
static-pin mode, the flat setting is fixed. In the
microcontroller mode, valid settings range from flat (no
influence on audio) to +6 dB with step sizes of 2 dB in
minimum and to +6 dB with step sizes of 2 dB in
maximum. The programmable treble filter is a 1st-order
shelving type with a fixed corner frequency of 2.8 kHz for
the minimum setting and a fixed corner frequency of
5.0 kHz for the maximum setting. Because of the
exceptional amount of programmable gain, treble should
be used with adequate prior attenuation, using the volume
control.
Soft mute
Soft mute is controlled by external pins, for each channel
one, in the static-pin mode and by the channel
manipulation modes of left or right in the microcontroller
mode.
When the mute is active for a channel, the value of the
sample is decreased smoothly to zero following a raised
cosine curve. 32 coefficients are used to step down the
value of the data, each one being used 32 times before
stepping on to the next. This amounts to a mute transition
of 23 ms at f
s
= 44.1 kHz. When the mute is released, the
samples are returned to the full level again following a
raised cosine curve with the same coefficients being used
in the reverse order. The mute, on the left or right channel,
is synchronized to the sample clock, so that operation
always takes place on complete samples.
Oversampling and noise shaper
The digital filter is four times oversampling filter. It consists
of two sections which each increase the sample rate by 2.
The 2nd-order noise shaper operates at 64f
s
. It shifts
in-band quantization noise to frequencies well above the
audio band. This noise shaping technique used in
combination with a sign-magnitude coding enables high
signal-to-noise ratios to be achieved. The noise shaper
outputs a 5-bit PDM bitstream signal to the DAC.
Continuous calibration DAC
The dual 5-bit DAC uses the continuous calibration
technique. This method, based on charge storage,
involves exact duplication of a single reference current
source. In the TDA1388T, 32 such current sources plus
1 spare source are continuously calibrated. The spare
source is included to allow continuous convertor operation.
The DAC receives a 5-bit data bitstream from the noise
shaper. This data is converted so that no current is
switched to the output during digital silence
(input 00000H). In this way very high signal-to-noise
performance is achieved.
Stereo line driver
High precision, low-noise amplifiers together with the
internal conversion resistor R
CONV1
and R
CONV2
convert
the converter output current to a voltage capable of driving
a headphone. The voltage is available at V
OL
and V
OR
(pins 4 and 25).
Stereo headphone driver
High precision, low-noise amplifiers are capable of driving
a headphone load. The voltage is available at HPOUTL
and HPOUTR (pins 2 and 27).