TLV320AIC28
SLAS418B FEBRUARY 2004 REVISED MAY 2005
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These coefficients implement a shelving filter with 0 dB gain from dc to approximately 150 Hz, at which point
it rolls off to 3 dB attenuation for higher frequency signals, thus giving a 3-dB boost to signals below 150 Hz.
The N and D coefficients are represented by 16bit twos complement numbers with values ranging from –32768
to +32767. Frequency response plots are given in the Audio Codec Filter Frequency Responses section of this
data sheet.
Interpolation Filter
The interpolation filter upsamples the output of the digital audio processing block by the required oversampling
ratio. It provides a linear phase output with a group delay of 21/Fs.
In addition, the digital interpolation filter provides enhanced image filtering to reduce signal images caused by
the upsampling process that are below 20 kHz. For example, upsampling an 8-kHz signal produces signal
images at multiples of 8 kHz, i.e., 8 kHz, 16 kHz, 24 kHz, etc. The images at 8 kHz and 16 kHz are below 20
kHz and still audible to the listener, therefore, they must be filtered heavily to maintain a good quality output.
The interpolation filter is designed to maintain at least 65 dB rejection of images that land below 7.455 Fs. In
order to utilize the programmable interpolation capability, the Fsref should be programmed to a higher rate
(restricted to be in the range of 39 kHz to 53 kHz when the PLL is in use), and the actual FS is set using the
dividers in bits D5D3 of control register 00H/page 2. For example, if Fs = 8 kHz is required, then Fsref can be
set to 48 kHz, and the DAC Fs set to Fsref/6. This ensures that all images of the 8-kHz data are sufficiently
attenuated well beyond a 20-kHz audible frequency range. Passband ripple for all sample-rate cases (from 20
Hz to 0.45 Fs) is +0.06 dB maximum.
Delta-Sigma DAC
The audio digital-to-analog converter incorporates a third order multi-bit delta-sigma modulator followed by an
analog reconstruction filter. The DAC provides high-resolution, lownoise performance, using oversampling
and noise shaping techniques. The analog reconstruction filter design consists of a 6 tap analog FIR filter
followed by a continuous time RC filter. The analog FIR operates at 6.144 MHz (128x48 kHz, for Fsref of 48
kHz) or at 5.6448 MHz (128x44.1 kHz, for Fsref of 44.1 kHz). The DAC analog performance may be degraded
by excessive clock jitter on the MCLK input. Therefore, care must be taken to keep jitter on this clock to a
minimum (less than 50ps).
DAC Digital Volume Control
The DAC has a digital volume control block, which implements programmable gain. The volume level can be
varied from 0 dB to –63.5 dB in 0.5 dB steps, in addition to a mute bit, independently for each channel. The
volume level of both channels can also be changed simultaneously by the master volume control. The gain is
implemented with a softstepping algorithm, which only changes the actual volume by one step per input
sample, either up or down, until the desired volume is reached. The rate of soft-stepping can be slowed to one
step per two input samples through D1 of control register 04H/Page 2.
Because of soft-stepping, the host does not know when the DAC has been completely muted. This may be
important if the host wishes to mute the DAC before making a significant change, such as changing sample
rates. In order to help with this situation, the part provides a flag back to the host via a read-only register bit
(D2D3 of control register 04H/page 2) that alerts the host when the part has completed the soft-stepping, and
the actual volume has reached the desired volume level. The soft-stepping feature can be disabled by
programming D14=1 in register 1DH in Page 2. If soft-stepping is enabled, the MCLK signal should be kept
applied to the device, until the DAC power-down flag is set. When this flag is set, the internal soft-stepping
process and power down sequence is complete, and the MCLK can be stopped if desired.
The AIC28 also includes functionality to detect when the user switches on or off the de-emphasis or digital audio
processing functions, then (1) soft-mute the DAC volume control, (2) change the operation of the digital effects
processing and (3) soft-unmute the part. This avoids any possible pop/clicks in the audio output due to
instantaneous changes in the filtering. A similar algorithm is used when first powering up or down the DAC. The
circuit begins operation at power-up with the volume control muted, then soft-steps it up to the desired volume
level. At power-down, the logic first soft-steps the volume down to a mute level, then powers down the circuitry.