TPA0202
2-W STEREO AUDIO POWER AMPLIFIER
SLOS205B – FEBRUARY 1998 – REVISED DECEMBER 2000
31
POST OFFICE BOX 655303
DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
APPLICATION INFORMATION
midrail bypass capacitor, CB
The midrail bypass capacitor, CB, is the most critical capacitor and serves several important functions. During
startup or recovery from shutdown mode, CB determines the rate at which the amplifier starts up. The second
function is to reduce noise produced by the power supply caused by coupling into the output drive signal. This
noise is from the midrail generation circuit internal to the amplifier, which appears as degraded PSRR and
THD+N. The capacitor is fed from a 100-k
source inside the amplifier. To keep the start-up pop as low as
possible, the relationship shown in equation 10 should be maintained.
(10)
1
C
B
100 k
v
1
C
I RI ) RF
As an example, consider a circuit where CB is 1 F, CI is 0.22 F, RF is 50 k, and RI is 10 k. Inserting these
values into the equation 10 we get 10
≤ 75, which satisfies the rule. Bypass capacitor, CB, values of 0.1 F to
1
F ceramic or tantalum low-ESR capacitors are recommended for the best THD and noise performance.
In Figure 63, the full feature configuration, two bypass capacitors are used. This provides the maximum
separation between right and left drive circuits. When absolute minimum cost and/or component space is
required, one bypass capacitor can be used as shown in Figure 62. It is critical that terminals 6 and 19 be tied
together in this configuration.
load considerations
Extremely low impedance loads (below 4
) coupled with certain external component selections, board layouts,
and cabling can cause oscillations in the system. Using a single air-cored inductor in series with the load
eliminates any spurious oscillations that might occur. An inductance of approximately 1
H has been shown to
eliminate such oscillations. There are no special considerations when using 4
and above loads with this
amplifier.
optimizing depop operation
Circuitry has been included in the TPA0202 to minimize the amount of popping heard at power-up and when
coming out of shutdown mode. Popping occurs whenever a voltage step is applied to the speaker. If high
impedances are used for the feedback and input resistors, it is possible for the input capacitor to drift downwards
from mid-rail during mute and shutdown. A high gain amplifier intensifies the problem as the small delta in
voltage is multiplied by the gain. So it is advantageous to use low-gain configurations, and to limit the size of
the gain-setting resistors. The time constant of the input coupling capacitor (CI) and the gain-setting resistors
(RI and RF) needs to be shorter than the time constant formed by the bypass capacitor (CB) and the output
impedance of the mid-rail generator, which is nominally 100 k
(see equation 10).
The effective output impedance of the mid-rail generator is actually greater than 100 k
due to a PNP transistor
clamping the input node (see Figure 64).