
VFC100
5
I
IN
R
IN
Integrator
Comparator
Clocked
Logic
Output
One-Shot
5
4
14
10
7
6
S
1
15
1
+V
CC
11
12
f
OUT
Digital
Ground
9
8
–V
CC
20k
13
Analog
Ground
5V
Reference
16
C
INT
0.1μF
+V
L
0.1μF
+V
CC
F
Clock
TTL/CMOS
V
IN
I
1
+V
CC
0.1μF
–V
CC
–V
CC
1mA
FIGURE 1. Circuit Diagram for Voltage-to-Frequency Mode.
V
IN
I
IN
f
OUT
f
FS
= f
CLOCK
/2
0
0
10V
0.5mA
FIGURE 3. Transfer Function for Voltage-to-Frequency Mode.
+1V
–0.75V
10μ
1μ
0.1μ
0.01μ
1000p
100p
100
1k
10k
100k
1M
Full-Scale Frequency (Hz)
+2.5V
–1.9V
C
I
(
* This is the maximum swing of the integrator output voltage
referred to the comparator noninverting input voltage.
Integrator Swing*
+100mV
–75mV
10M
FIGURE 4. Integrator Capacitor Selection Graph.
Integrator 5V
Clock
O
f
FIGURE 2. Timing Diagram for Voltage-to-Frequency Mode.
the necessary transitions of the clock). Output pulses are
thus made to align with rising edges of the external clock.
This causes the instantaneous output frequency to be a
subharmonic of the clock frequency. The average frequency,
however, will be an accurate analog of the input voltage.
A full scale input of 10V (or an input current of 0.5mA)
causes a nominal output frequency equal to half the clock
frequency. The transfer function is
f
OUT
= (V
IN
/20V) f
CLOCK
.
Figure 3 shows the transfer function graphically. Note that
inputs above 10V (or 0.5mA) do not cause an increase in the
output frequency. This is an easily detectable indication of
an overrange input. In the overrange condition, the integra-
tor amplifier will ramp to its negative output swing limit.
When the input signal returns to within the linear range, the
integrator amplifier will recover and begin ramping upward
during the reset period.
INSTALLATION AND
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
The integrator capacitor C
INT
(see Figure 1) affects the
magnitude of the integrator voltage waveform. Its absolute
accuracy is not critical since it does not affect the transfer
function. This allows a wide range of capacitance to produce
excellent results. Figure 4 facilitates choosing an appropriate