![](http://datasheet.mmic.net.cn/370000/GS9025A_datasheet_16694379/GS9025A_14.png)
GENNUM CORPORATION
522 - 75 - 00
14
G
Fig. 22 Model of the GS9025A
9-1. Transfer Function
The transfer function of the PLL is defined as
o
/
i
and can
be approximated as:
Equation 1
where
and
N is the divider modulus
D is the data density (=0.5 for NRZ data)
I
CP
is the charge pump current in amps
K
is the VCO gain in Hz/V
This response has 1 zero (w
Z
) and three poles
(w
P1
,w
BW
,w
P2
) where:
The bode plot for this transfer function is plotted in
Figure 23.
Fig. 23 Transfer Function Bode Plot
The
approximately:
3dB
bandwidth
of
the
transfer
function
is
9-2. Transfer Function Peaking
There are two causes of peaking in the PLL transfer function
given by Equation 1.
The first is quadratic:
which has:
and
This response is critically damped for Q = 0.5.
Thus, to avoid peaking:
or
Therefore,
w
P2
> 4 w
BW
To reduce the high frequency content on the loop filter, keep
w
P2
as low as possible.
The second is the zero-pole combination:
LOOP
FILTER
i
o
VCO
2
π
K
Ns
Ι
CP
R
LF
K
PD
C
LF1
C
LF2
PHASE
DETECTOR
+
-
o
i
------
sC
R
1
+
s C
LF1
R
LF
R
LF
---------
–
1
+
----------------------------------------------------------------
s
2
C
LF2
L
sL
R
LF
1
+
+
---------------------------------------------------------
=
L
D
I
CP
K
--------------------
=
w
Z
C
LF1
R
LF
----------------------
=
w
P1
C
LF1
R
LF
R
LF
---------
–
--------------------------------------
=
w
BW
R
L
---------
=
w
P2
C
LF2
R
LF
----------------------
=
W
Z
W
P1
W
BW
W
P2
FREQUENCY
A
w
3dB
w
1
2w
w
P2
-----------
–
w
w
2w
–
---------------------------------
2
1
w
P2
-----------
+
---------------------------------------------------------------------
w
0.78
-----------
≈
=
s
2
C
LF2
L
sL
R
LF
1
+
+
w
o
C
LF2
L
--------------------
=
Q
R
LF
R
L
------------
=
R
LF
C
L
------------
1
2
--
<
R
LF2
C
LF2
-------------------------
R
LF
---------
4
>
sC
R
----------------------------------------------------------
1
+
s C
LF1
R
LF
R
LF
---------
–
1
+
w
P1
------
-------------------
1
+
---------
1
+
=