29
8021G–AVR–03/11
ATmega329P/3290P
8.4
Crystal Oscillator
XTAL1 and XTAL2 are input and output, respectively, of an inverting amplifier which can be con-
figured for use as an On-chip Oscillator, as shown in
Figure 8-2. Either a quartz crystal or a
ceramic resonator may be used.
C1 and C2 should always be equal for both crystals and resonators. The optimal value of the
capacitors depends on the crystal or resonator in use, the amount of stray capacitance, and the
electromagnetic noise of the environment. Some initial guidelines for choosing capacitors for
use with crystals are given in
Table 8-3. For ceramic resonators, the capacitor values given by
the manufacturer should be used.
Figure 8-2.
Crystal Oscillator Connections
The Oscillator can operate in three different modes, each optimized for a specific frequency
range. The operating mode is selected by the fuses CKSEL3..1 as shown in
Table 8-3.
Note:
1. This option should not be used with crystals, only with ceramic resonators.
The CKSEL0 Fuse together with the SUT1...0 Fuses select the start-up times as shown in
TableTable 8-3.
Crystal Oscillator Operating Modes
CKSEL3..1
Frequency Range
(MHz)
Recommended Range for Capacitors C1 and
C2 for Use with Crystals (pF)
0.4 - 0.9
–
101
0.9 - 3.0
12 - 22
110
3.0 - 8.0
12 - 22
111
8.0 -
12 - 22
Table 8-4.
Start-up Times for the Crystal Oscillator Clock Selection
CKSEL0
SUT1..0
Start-up Time from
Power-down and
Power-save
Additional Delay
from Reset
(V
CC = 5.0V)
Recommended Usage
0
00
14CK + 4.1ms
Ceramic resonator, fast
rising power
0
01
14CK + 65ms
Ceramic resonator,
slowly rising power
010
14CK
Ceramic resonator,
BOD enabled
XTAL2
XTAL1
GND
C2
C1