November 22, 2004
8
Philips Semiconductors
Preliminary specification
Universal LCD driver
for low multiplex rates
PCF8562
6.1
Power-on reset
At power-on the PCF8562 resets to the following starting conditions:
All backplane outputs are set to V
LCD
All segment outputs are set to V
LCD
Drive mode ‘1 : 4 multiplex with
1
3
bias’ is selected
Blinking is switched off
Input and output bank selectors are reset (as defined in Table 4)
The I
2
C-bus interface is initialized
The data pointer and the subaddress counter are cleared
Display is disabled.
Data transfers on the I
2
C-bus should be avoided for 1 ms following power-on to allow completion of the reset action.
6.2
LCD bias generator
Fractional LCD biasing voltages are obtained from an internal voltage divider comprising three resistors connected in
series between V
LCD
and V
SS
. The middle resistor can be bypassed to provide a
1
2
bias voltage level for the 1 : 2
multiplex configuration. The LCD voltage can be temperature compensated externally via the supply to pin V
LCD
.
6.3
LCD voltage selector
The LCD voltage selector co-ordinates the multiplexing of the LCD in accordance with the selected LCD drive
configuration. The operation of the voltage selector is controlled by MODE SET commands from the command decoder.
The biasing configurations that apply to the preferred modes of operation, together with the biasing characteristics as
functions of V
LCD
and the resulting Discrimination ratios (D), are given in Table 2.
A practical value for V
LCD
is determined by equating V
off(rms)
with a defined LCD threshold voltage (V
th
), typically when
the LCD exhibits approximately 10% contrast. In the static drive mode a suitable choice is V
LCD
> 3V
th
.
Multiplex drive modes of 1 : 3 and 1 : 4 with
1
2
bias are possible but the discrimination and hence the contrast ratios are
smaller.
6.3.1
LCD
BIAS
FORMULAE
Bias is calculated by the formula
where for
1
2
bias, a = 1; for
1
3
bias, a = 2.
The LCD on voltage (V
on
) is calculated by the formula
The LCD off voltage (V
off
) is calculated by the formula
where V
op
is the resultant voltage at the LCD segment; N is the LCD drive mode: 1 = static, 2 = 1 : 2, 3 = 1 : 3, 4 = 1 : 4.
+
1
a
---1
1
N
---------------------------N
---
N
1
–
(
)
a
1
2
+
V
op
2
N
2a
1
N
)
2
+
a
(
(
)
–
+
a
V
op