
t
t
t
i
t
S
i
LS
v
1
I
0
0
+1
-1
I+
I-
e
OUT
2
Figure13
V.3.3.2 - Low-pass filter
(seeFigure 14)
Its main function is to reject the 2f
H
(31kHz) fre-
quency componentdelivered bythe phasecompa-
rator.
It also defines the characteristics of the loop in
transient mode.
The filter is built around two sub-sections which
determinethe stabilityand theresponsetime ofthe
loop in the followingmodes of transmission:
Normal or VCR modes. See section V.3.6 ”Dy-
namic study of
φ
1”.
22
R1
4.7k
C1
2.2
μ
F
10nF
V
i
5.6V
VCO
Stage
i
R1
C1
C
R
V
VCO
1
Comparator
C
2
Figure14
R is the dynamic input resistance of the VCO.
The filter transfer function may be defined as fol-
lows :
- f(p) =V
i
-
Z(p) = R
1
+
p
(
R C
+
R1
C1
+
R C1
) +
R
R1
C
C1 p
2
The secondorderterms of thedenominatorcan be
converted to first order products as a function of
= Z(p)
1
+
R1 C1
p
frequencyas follow :
f(jf) = R
1
+
jf
f1
1
+
jf
1
+
jf
f2
f3
with R1= 4.7k
, R= 500k
, C1 = 2.2
μ
F, C= 10nF
we obtain :
1
2
π
R1 C1= 15.4Hz
- f2 =
2
π (
R
C1
+
R C
+
R1 C1
)
= 0.14Hz
- f3 = 3.43kHz
- f1 =
1
f
f
f
2
f
1
f
3
(log scale)
0.14Hz
15.4Hz
3.43kHz
0
0
π
2
Arg (z)
20 log R
20 log |f|
2
Figure 15
V.3.3.3 - VCO
(VoltageControlled Oscillator)
Its functionis to generatea frequencyproportional
to a control voltage issued externally, by the low-
pass filter in our case.
The period of the output signal is used as timing
referencefor various functions such as, horizontal
and vertical time bases.Thefrequencyrange must
be short andaccurate :
- It must beshort sincethe powerdissipated within
the horizontalscanningblock is inverselypropor-
tional to the line frequency.
- The accuracy is required if the adjustment is to
be omitted.
The basic arrangement is to employ a ceramic
resonator(or ceramic filter) which has quitestable
characteristicsas a function of frequency.
Afilter whose resonatingfrequencyis a multiple of
line frequency (15625Hz) is to be selected. An
exampleis 32
15625= 500kHz.
A. 503kHz CERAMIC FILTER
Figure 16
Symbol
2
R1
L1
C1
C0
Equivalent Circuit
2
Figure17
TEA2028 - TEA2029 APPLICATIONNOTE
11/46