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3.0 PC Board Considerations
Bt864A/865A
3.5 Applications Information
YCrCb to NTSC/PAL Digital Video Encoder
3-6
Conexant
100138B
3.5 Applications Information
3.5.1 ESD and Latchup Considerations
Correct ESD-sensitive handling procedures are required to prevent device
damage. Device damage can produce symptoms of catastrophic failure or erratic
device behavior with leaky inputs.
All logic inputs should be held low until power to the device has settled to the
specified tolerance. DAC power decoupling networks with large time constants
should be avoided; they could delay VAA power to the device. Ferrite beads must
be used only for analog power VAA decoupling. Inductors cause a time constant
delay that induces latchup.
Latchup can be prevented by ensuring that all VAA and VDD pins are at the
same potential, all GND and AGND pins are at the same potential, and that the
VAA and VDD supply voltages are applied before the signal pin voltages. The
correct power-up sequence ensures that any signal pin voltage will never exceed
the power supply voltage.
3.5.2 Clock and Subcarrier Stability
The color subcarrier is derived directly from the CLK input, hence any jitter or
frequency deviation of CLK will be transferred directly to the color subcarrier.
Jitter within the valid CLK cycle interval will result in hue noise on the color
subcarrier on the order of 0.9
–
1.6 degrees per nanosecond. Random hue noise can
result in degradation in AM/PM noise ratio (typically around 40 dB for consumer
media such as Videodiscs and VCRs). Periodic or coherent hue noise can result in
differential phase error (which is limited to 10 degrees by FCC cable TV
standards). Any frequency deviation of the CLK from nominal will challenge the
subcarrier tracking capability of the destination receiver. This may range from a
few parts-per-million (ppm) for broadcast equipment to 50 ppm for industrial
equipment to a few hundred ppm for consumer equipment. Greater subcarrier
tracking range generally results in poorer subcarrier decoding dynamic range, so
that receivers that tolerate jitter and wide subcarrier frequency deviation will
introduce more noise in the decoded image. Crystal clock sources provide best
stability and lowest jitter, with 50
–
100 ppm accuracy required by most industrial
or consumer receivors. Note that a 30 ppm tolerance constraint applies for
Teletext and MPEG2.
Some applications call for maintaining correct Subcarrier-Horizontal (SC-H)
phasing for correct color framing, which requires subcarrier coherence within
specified tolerances over a 4-field interval for 525-line systems or 8 fields for
625-line systems. Any CLK interruption (even during vertical blanking interval)
which results in nonstandard pixel counts per line can result in SC-H excursions
outside the NTSC limit of ±40 degrees (reference EIA RS170A) or the PAL limit
of ±20 degrees (reference EBU D23-1984).
Any deviation of the number CLK cycles between HSYNC* falling edges
when in SLAVE mode may result in automatic mode switching unless the internal
control registers VIDFORM, NONINTL and SQUARE are set for the desired
mode of operation.