573
SAM9G45 [DATASHEET]
6438K–ATARM–12-Feb-13
or the transmitter as desired. Enabling both the receiver and the transmitter at the same time in ISO7816 mode
may lead to unpredictable results.
The ISO7816 specification defines an inverse transmission format. Data bits of the character must be transmitted
on the I/O line at their negative value. The USART does not support this format and the user has to perform an
exclusive OR on the data before writing it in the Transmit Holding Register (US_THR) or after reading it in the
Receive Holding Register (US_RHR).
33.7.4.2
Protocol T = 0
In T = 0 protocol, a character is made up of one start bit, eight data bits, one parity bit and one guard time, which
lasts two bit times. The transmitter shifts out the bits and does not drive the I/O line during the guard time.
If no parity error is detected, the I/O line remains at 1 during the guard time and the transmitter can continue with
the transmission of the next character, as shown in
Figure 33-31.If a parity error is detected by the receiver, it drives the I/O line at 0 during the guard time, as shown in
Figure 33-32. This error bit is also named NACK, for Non Acknowledge. In this case, the character lasts 1 bit time more, as
the guard time length is the same and is added to the error bit time which lasts 1 bit time.
When the USART is the receiver and it detects an error, it does not load the erroneous character in the Receive
Holding Register (US_RHR). It appropriately sets the PARE bit in the Status Register (US_SR) so that the software
can handle the error.
Figure 33-31. T = 0 Protocol without Parity Error
Figure 33-32. T = 0 Protocol with Parity Error
33.7.4.3
Receive Error Counter
The USART receiver also records the total number of errors. This can be read in the Number of Error (US_NER)
register. The NB_ERRORS field can record up to 255 errors. Reading US_NER automatically clears the
NB_ERRORS field.
33.7.4.4
Receive NACK Inhibit
The USART can also be configured to inhibit an error. This can be achieved by setting the INACK bit in the Mode
Register (US_MR). If INACK is at 1, no error signal is driven on the I/O line even if a parity bit is detected, but the
INACK bit is set in the Status Register (US_SR). The INACK bit can be cleared by writing the Control Register
(US_CR) with the RSTNACK bit at 1.
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
RXD
Parity
Bit
Baud Rate
Clock
Start
Bit
Guard
Time 1
Next
Start
Bit
Guard
Time 2
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
I/O
Parity
Bit
Baud Rate
Clock
Start
Bit
Guard
Time 1
Start
Bit
Guard
Time 2
D0
D1
Error
Repetition