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W530
4
Spread Spectrum Frequency Timing Generator
The device generates a clock that is frequency modulated in
order to increase the bandwidth that it occupies. By increasing
the bandwidth of the fundamental and its harmonics, the am-
plitudes of the radiated electromagnetic emissions are re-
duced. This effect is depicted in
Table 2
.
As shown in
Table 2
, a harmonic of a modulated clock has a
much lower amplitude than that of an unmodulated signal. The
reduction in amplitude is dependent on the harmonic number
and the frequency deviation or spread. The equation for the
reduction is:
dB = 6.5 + 9*log
10
(P) + 9*log
10
(F)
Where
P
is the percentage of deviation and
F
is the frequency
in MHz where the reduction is measured.
The output clock is modulated with a waveform depicted in
Figure 3
. This waveform, as discussed in
“
Spread Spectrum
Clock Generation for the Reduction of Radiated Emissions
”
by
Bush, Fessler, and Hardin, produces the maximum reduction
in the amplitude of radiated electromagnetic emissions. The
deviation selected for this chip is described in
Table 2
.
Figure
3
details the Cypress spreading pattern. Cypress does offer
options with more spread and greater EMI reduction. Contact
your local Sales representative for details on these devices.
Freq.
Divider
Q
Phase
Detector
Modulating
Waveform
VCO
Post
Dividers
SSOUT
(EMI suppressed)
Charge
Pump
Feedback
DiP
PLL
GND
V
DD
Σ
Clock Input
Reference Input
Figure 1. Functional Block Diagram