ADuC7128/ADuC7129
Rev. 0 | Page 32 of 92
ADC CIRCUIT OVERVIEW
The analog-to-digital converter (ADC) incorporates a fast,
multichannel, 12-bit ADC. It can operate from 3.0 V to 3.6 V
supplies and is capable of providing a throughput of up to 1 MSPS
when the clock source is 41.78 MHz. This block provides the
user with a multichannel multiplexer, differential track-and-
hold, on-chip reference, and ADC.
The ADC consists of a 12-bit successive approximation converter
based around two capacitor DACs. Depending on the input
signal configuration, the ADC can operate in one of the
following three modes:
Fully differential mode, for small and balanced signals
Single-ended mode, for any single-ended signals
Pseudo differential mode, for any single-ended signals,
taking advantage of the common mode rejection offered by
the pseudo differential input
The converter accepts an analog input range of 0 to VREF when
operating in single-ended mode or pseudo differential mode. In
fully differential mode, the input signal must be balanced around
a common-mode voltage VCM, in the range 0 V to AVDD and
with a maximum amplitude of 2 VREF (see Figure 32). AVDD
VCM
0
2VREF
0
60
20
-02
8
Figure 32. Examples of Balanced Signals for Fully Differential Mode
A high precision, low drift, and factory-calibrated 2.5 V reference
is provided on-chip. An external reference can also be connected
Single or continuous conversion modes can be initiated in software.
An external CONVST pin, an output generated from the on-chip
PLA, a Timer0, or a Timer1 overflow can also be used to
generate a repetitive trigger for ADC conversions.
If the signal has not been deasserted by the time the ADC
conversion is complete, a second conversion begins auto-
matically.
A voltage output from an on-chip band gap reference propor-
tional to absolute temperature can also be routed through the
front-end ADC multiplexer, effectively an additional ADC
channel input. This facilitates an internal temperature sensor
channel, measuring die temperature to an accuracy of ±3°C.
ADC TRANSFER FUNCTION
Pseudo Differential Mode and Single-Ended Mode
In pseudo differential or single-ended mode, the input range is
0 to VREF. The output coding is straight binary in pseudo
differential and single-ended modes with
1 LSB = FS/4096 or
2.5 V/4096 = 0.61 mV or
610 μV when VREF = 2.5 V
The ideal code transitions occur midway between successive
integer LSB values (that is, 1/2 LSB, 3/2 LSBs, 5/2 LSBs, …,
FS – 3/2 LSBs). The ideal input/output transfer characteristic is
O
U
T
P
UT
CO
DE
VOLTAGE INPUT
1111 1111 1111
1111 1111 1110
1111 1111 1101
1111 1111 1100
0000 0000 0011
1LSB
0V
+FS – 1LSB
0000 0000 0010
0000 0000 0001
0000 0000 0000
1LSB =
FS
4096
06
02
0-
0
29
Figure 33. ADC Transfer Function in Pseudo Differential Mode or
Single-Ended Mode
Fully Differential Mode
The amplitude of the differential signal is the difference
between the signals applied to the VIN+ and VIN pins (that is,
VIN+ VIN). The maximum amplitude of the differential signal
is, therefore, VREF to +VREF p-p (2 × VREF). This is regardless of
the common mode (CM). The common mode is the average of
the two signals (VIN+ + VIN)/2, and is, therefore, the voltage upon
which the two inputs are centered. This results in the span of
each input being CM ± VREF/2. This voltage has to be set up exter-
The output coding is twos complement in fully differential
mode with 1 LSB = 2 VREF/4096 or 2 × 2.5 V/4096 = 1.22 mV
when VREF = 2.5 V. The output result is ±11 bits, but this is
shifted by one to the right. This allows the result in ADCDAT to
be declared as a signed integer when writing C code. The
designed code transitions occur midway between successive
integer LSB values (that is, 1/2 LSB, 3/2 LSBs, 5/2 LSBs, …,
FS 3/2 LSBs). The ideal input/output transfer characteristic is