Oscillator Module (OSC)
Functional Description
MC68HC908QF4 — Rev. 1.0
Data Sheet
MOTOROLA
Oscillator Module (OSC)
93
Figure 11-3 shows how BUSCLKX4 is derived from INTCLK and, like the RC
oscillator, OSC2 can output BUSCLKX4 by setting OSC2EN in PTAPUE register.
11.3.1.1 Internal Oscillator Trimming
The 8-bit trimming register, OSCTRIM, allows a clock period adjust of +127 and
–128 steps. Increasing OSCTRIM value increases the clock period. Trimming
allows the internal clock frequency to be set to 4.0 MHz ±5%.
All devices are programmed with a trim value in a reserved FLASH location,
$FFC0. This value can be copied from the FLASH to the OSCTRIM register
($0038) during reset initialization.
Reset loads OSCTRIM with a default value of $80.
WARNING:
Bulk FLASH erasure will set location $FFC0 to $FF and the factory
programmed value will be lost.
11.3.1.2 Internal to External Clock Switching
When external clock source (external OSC, RC, or XTAL) is desired, the user must
perform the following steps:
1.
For external crystal circuits only, OSCOPT[1:0] = 1:1: To help precharge an
external crystal oscillator, set PTA4 (OSC2) as an output and drive high for
several cycles. This may help the crystal circuit start more robustly.
2.
oscillator module control logic will then set OSC1 as an external clock input
and, if the external crystal option is selected, OSC2 will also be set as the
clock output.
3.
Create a software delay to wait the stabilization time needed for the selected
clock source (crystal, resonator, RC) as recommended by the component
manufacturer. A good rule of thumb for crystal oscillators is to wait 4096
cycles of the crystal frequency, i.e., for a 4-MHz crystal, wait approximately
1 msec.
4.
After the manufacturer’s recommended delay has elapsed, the ECGON bit
in the OSC status register (OSCSTAT) needs to be set by the user software.
5.
After ECGON set is detected, the OSC module checks for oscillator activity
by waiting two external clock rising edges.
6.
The OSC module then switches to the external clock. Logic provides a glitch
free transition.
7.
The OSC module first sets the ECGST bit in the OSCSTAT register and then
stops the internal oscillator.
NOTE:
Once transition to the external clock is done, the internal oscillator will only be
reactivated with reset. No post-switch clock monitor feature is implemented (clock
does not switch back to internal if external clock dies).
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Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
For More Information On This Product,
Go to: www.freescale.com
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