28
ACE9030
larger current. The charge pumps on PDI are only used in
speed-up and then drive the integrating capacitor Ci directly.
The control signals
and
are the error signals fron the
phase detector and have a duration proportional to the phase
error, the signal Fc is the Fractional-N compensation gating
pulse and has a fixed duration set by the crystal oscillator.
Nominal Charge Pump Currents
Shown in table 5, charge pump currents are set by the
resistors RSMA and RSC and by scaling coefficients loaded
from the serial bus. CN is an 8 bit number, L is 2 bit and K is
4 bit. Fractional-N compensation also depends on the instan-
taneous value ACC in the fractional accumulator, a 3 bit
number.
Two Modulus Prescaler Control
The Main ACE9030 synthesiser is designed to operate
with the two-modulus prescaler section of the ACE9020. This
allows channels to be spaced at the comparison frequency
while keeping the clock rates within the range possible in
CMOS. ACE9030 can also be used with standard two-modu-
lus prescalers such as SP8715.
The prescaler will have two division ratios, R1 and R2,
selected by a Modulus Control signal and designed to switch
quickly from one ratio to the other so that a sequence of R1 and
R2 can be used to give the required total division. It is usual to
have R2 = R1 + 1 and to select R1 by setting Modulus Control
to the HIGH state and R2 by a LOW state.
To reduce interference the Modulus Control output from
ACE9030 is a pair of differential signals MODMP and MODMN
each with a limited voltage swing but still able to drive selected
Pin
PDP
PDI
PDP
PDI
PDA
Charge pump
Main
Main
Fractional-N
Fractional-N
Auxiliary
Normal
Speed-up
Maximum setting*
1·0 mA
5 mA
12
μ
A
180
μ
A
512
μ
A
Iprop(0) = CN x I
RSMA
/32
Off
Icomp(0) = ACC x I
RSC
/320
Off
Iauxil = 8 x I
RSMA
Iprop(1) = 2
L + 1
x Iprop(0)
Iint = K x Iprop(1)
Icomp(1) = 2
L + 1
x Icomp(0)
Icomp(2) = K x Icomp(1)
no auxiliary speed-up
* Larger values of current can be set by the programming numbers and the resistor values, but the circuit is not then guaranteed to give the
calculated current.
Table 5
standard prescalers from GEC-Plessey Semiconductors if
MODMP is used alone. Even if a prescaler with non-differen-
tial control input is used there could still be some benefit in
running a MODMN track on the circuit board beside the
MODMP track to partly cancel capacitive coupling to sensitive
nodes. Simplified waveforms are shown in figure 27.
Unlike many conventional synthesisers that use two
separate counters, to give both the total count, M, and the
portion for which the prescaler is at its higher ratio, A, there is
only one counter in the ACE9030 for both these functions. This
counter is loaded with the value N1, counts down to zero,
changes direction, counts up to N2, is again loaded with the
value N1 and changes direction to down, and so the cycle is
repeated indefinitely.
Fig. 27 Modulus Control Timing Diagram
N1 + N2
N1
...R1...
R1
R1 R2
...R2 ...
R2 R1
PRESCALER RATIO
FIM
FIMB
MODMP
MODMN
COUNTER OUTPUT TO
PHASE COMPARATOR
DELAY
T
SET-UP
T
N2