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AD9974
Rev. A | Page 29 of 52
ANALOG FRONT END DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION
6dB ~ 42dB
CCDIN
CLI
DIGITAL
FILTER
CLPOB
DC RESTORE
OPTICAL BLACK
CLAMP
14-BIT
ADC
VGA
DAC
CDS
INTERNAL
VREF
2V FULL SCALE
PRECISION
TIMING
GENERATION
SHP
SHD
1.2V
OUTPUT
DATA
LATCH
REFT
REFB
DOUT PHASE
V-H
TIMING
GENERATION
SHP SHD
DOUT
PHASE
CLPOB
PBLK
0.4V
1.4V
AD9974
0.1F
VGA GAIN
REGISTER
0.1F 0.1F
CLAMP LEVEL
REGISTER
14
PBLK
–3dB, 0dB,
+3dB, +6dB
PBLK
PBLK (WHEN DCBYP = 1)
SHP
S11
S22
BLANK TO
ZERO OR
CLAMP LEVEL
1S1 IS NORMALLY CLOSED.
2S2 IS NORMALLY OPEN.
DOUT
CDS GAIN
REGISTER
VD
HD
0
5
955
-03
8
Figure 38. Channel A and Channel B Analog Front End Functional Block Diagram
The AD9974 signal processing chain is shown in
Figure 38.
Each processing step is essential for achieving a high quality
image from the raw CCD pixel data.
DC Restore
To reduce the large dc offset of the CCD output signal, a dc
restore circuit is used with an external 0.1 μF series coupling
capacitor. This restores the dc level of the CCD signal to approxi-
mately 1.2 V, making it compatible with the 1.8 V core supply
voltage of the AD9974. The dc restore switch is active during
the SHP sample pulse time.
The dc restore circuit can be disabled when the optional PBLK
signal is used to isolate large-signal swings from the CCD input
controls whether the dc restore is active during the PBLK interval.
Analog Preblanking
During certain CCD blanking or substrate clocking intervals,
the CCD input signal to the AD9974 may increase in amplitude
beyond the recommended input range. The PBLK signal can be
used to isolate the CDS input from large-signal swings. As shown
in
Figure 38, when PBLK is active (low), the CDS input is isolated
from the CCDIN pin (S1 open) and is internally shorted to
ground (S2 closed).
During the PBLK active time, the ADC outputs can be
programmed to output all 0s or the programmed clamp level.
Note that because the CDS input is shorted during PBLK, the
CLPOB pulse should not be used during the same active time as
the PBLK pulse.
Correlated Double Sampler (CDS)
The CDS circuit samples each CCD pixel twice to extract the
video information and to reject low frequency noise. The timing
shown in
Figure 21 illustrates how the two internally generated
CDS clocks, SHP and SHD, are used to sample the reference
level and data level of the CCD signal, respectively. The placement
of the SHP and SHD sampling edges is determined by the setting
of the SHPLOC and SHDLOC register located at Address 0x36.
Placement of these two clock signals is critical for achieving the
best performance from the CCD. The CDS gain is variable in
four steps by using the AFE Register Address 0x04: 3 dB, 0 dB
(default), +3 dB, and +6 dB. Improved noise performance results
from using the +3 dB and +6 dB settings, but the input range is