參數(shù)資料
型號: PPO57
英文描述: STORAGE SCOPE FOR PC GERMAN VERSION
中文描述: 電腦存儲示波器的德語版
文件頁數(shù): 9/32頁
文件大小: 11840K
代理商: PPO57
9
V
High Resolution Scopes & Audio Analysis
Although most of the Pico ADC range can be used for audio
spectrum analysis, the higher resolution devices are most suited.
For high-end professional testing the ADC-216 is hard to beat.
For general purpose work the ADC-212 is ideal.
The two key specifications for an FFT analyser are sampling rate
and dynamic range. A spectrum analyser will be able to display
up to one half of the maximum sampling rate. To cover the entire
20kHz audio band this calls for a sampling rate in excess of 40ksps.
If you are interested in testing the frequency response of amplifiers
you may wish to look well beyond the 20kHz point so a higher
sampling rate is required.
The dynamic range of the spectrum analyser is the next most
important consideration. Most oscilloscopes (whether PC based
or benchtop) have an 8 bit resolution (256 steps). This limits
spectrum analysis to 48dB of dynamic range (20log256) The ADC-
40 and ADC-200 are both 8 bit devices. Unusually for
oscilloscopes, the ADC-42, ADC-100 and ADC-212 are 12 bit
devices (4096 steps) which gives a theoretical maximum of 72dB
of dynamic range.
Pico ADCs Suitable for Audio Spectrum Analysis
The ADC-212 through a combination of oversampling, digital
filtering and software averaging can actually improve on this
theoretical 72dB. The ADC-216 with its 16 bit resolution (65536
steps) has close to 100dB of dynamic range. To put these figures
in context a typical tape deck would have 40 to 50dB of dynamic
range, a quality power amplifier 70 to 80dB and a top end CD
player 80 to 90dB.
The specifications of Pico ADCs are summarised in the table
below:
Audio spectrum analysis
An ideal CD player should have a flat frequency response over
the whole audio spectrum. The specifications of a portable CD
player stated a 20Hz to 20kHz response within 3dB. We tested
this using a sinewave that sweeps from 0 to 20kHz. Plotting such
a frequency response is not possible with many FFT spectrum
analysers as they take several seconds processing and displaying
the results. The result tends to be that only one frequency peak
gets captured during the sweep. PicoScope is optimised for speed
- even on a relatively slow PC the spectrum analyser has a near
instantaneous ‘real time’ update rate. To display the frequency
response as a single line rather than a moving peak, we used
PicoScope’s peak detect function as shown below. As you can
see, the -3dB point is not the 20kHz claimed by the data sheet,
but is nearer 16kHz.
Example using an 8 bit oscilloscope
An 8 bit oscilloscope gives a good
visual representation of the wave.
If however, you wish to ‘zoom’ in
on the signal to magnify an area
of interest, this soon shows up the
limitations of an 8 bit oscilloscope.
The signal contains 50 Hz noise
due to mains pickup, but the 8 bit
scope does not have enough
resolution to detect it.
Example using a 12 bit oscilloscope
The same signal captured with
a 12 bit oscilloscope (ADC-212)
looks the same in the normal
scope view. The x50 view looks
much better, the digitisation
steps are only just visible. On the
spectrum analyser, we still
cannot see the 50Hz noise, but
we know that there is at least
an 80dB difference between the
signal and the noise.
Example using a 16 bit oscilloscope
With 16 bit oscilloscopes (ADC-
216), the x50 trace is smooth,
with no signs of distortion caused
by the digitisation. The spectrum
trace shows 50Hz noise (approx
86dB down) and also harmonics
of 50Hz (at 150Hz and 250Hz).
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Precision oscilloscopes in use
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