743
SAM4CP [DATASHEET]
43051E–ATPL–08/14
36.6.1.2 Fractional Baud Rate in Asynchronous Mode
The Baud Rate generator is subject to the following limitation: the output frequency changes only by integer multiples of
the reference frequency. An approach to this problem is to integrate a fractional N clock generator that has a high
resolution. The generator architecture is modified to obtain baud rate changes by a fraction of the reference source clock.
This fractional part is programmed with the FP field in the US_BRGR. If FP is not 0, the fractional part is activated. The
resolution is one eighth of the clock divider. This feature is only available when using USART normal mode. The
fractional baud rate is calculated using the following formula:
The modified architecture is presented in the following figure:
Figure 36-3.
Fractional Baud Rate Generator
36.6.1.3 Baud Rate in Synchronous Mode or SPI Mode
If the USART is programmed to operate in synchronous mode, the selected clock is simply divided by the field CD in the
US_BRGR.
In synchronous mode, if the external clock is selected (USCLKS = 3), the clock is provided directly by the signal on the
USART SCK pin. No division is active. The value written in US_BRGR has no effect. The external clock frequency must
be at least 3 times lower than the system clock. In synchronous mode master (USCLKS = 0 or 1, CLKO set to 1), the
receive part limits the SCK maximum frequency to f
peripheral clock
/3 in USART mode, or f
peripheral clock
/6 in SPI mode.
When either the external clock SCK or the internal clock divided (peripheral clock/DIV) is selected, the value
programmed in CD must be even if the user has to ensure a 50:50 mark/space ratio on the SCK pin. When the Peripheral
Clock is selected, the Baud Rate Generator ensures a 50:50 duty cycle on the SCK pin, even if the value programmed in
CD is odd.
36.6.1.4 Baud Rate in ISO 7816 Mode
The ISO7816 specification defines the bit rate with the following formula:
Baudrate
-----------SelectedClock
8 2
Over
–
CD
8
FP
+
=
Peripheral clock/DIV
16-bit Counter
0
Baud Rate
Clock
CD
CD
Sampling
Divider
0
1
>1
Sampling
Clock
Reserved
Peripheral clock
SCK
(CLKO = 0)
USCLKS
OVER
SCK
(CLKO = 1)
SYNC
SYNC
USCLKS = 3
1
2
3
0
0
1
0
1
FIDI
Glitch-free
Logic
Modulus
Control
FP
FP
BaudRate
CD
SelectedClock
=
B
Fi
Di
f
=