SPL505YC26
....................Document #: 001-03543 Rev *E Page 13 of 27
Byte 18 Control Register 18
The SPL505YC264BT requires a parallel resonance crystal.
Substituting
a
series
resonance
crystal
causes
the
SPL505YC264BT to operate at the wrong frequency and
violate the ppm specification. For most applications there is a
300-ppm frequency shift between series and parallel crystals
due to incorrect loading.
Crystal Loading
Crystal loading plays a critical role in achieving low ppm perfor-
mance. To realize low ppm performance, the total capacitance
the crystal sees must be considered to calculate the appro-
priate capacitive loading (CL).
Figure 1 shows a typical crystal configuration using the two
trim capacitors. An important clarification for the following
discussion is that the trim capacitors are in series with the
crystal not parallel. The common misconception that load
capacitors are in parallel with the crystal and should be
approximately equal to the load capacitance of the crystal is
not true.
Calculating Load Capacitors
In addition to the standard external trim capacitors, trace
capacitance and pin capacitance must also be considered to
correctly calculate crystal loading. As mentioned previously,
the capacitance on each side of the crystal is in series with the
crystal. This means the total capacitance on each side of the
crystal must be twice the specified crystal load capacitance
(CL). While the capacitance on each side of the crystal is in
series with the crystal, trim capacitors (Ce1,Ce2) should be
calculated to provide equal capacitive loading on both sides.
Use the following formulas to calculate the trim capacitor
values for Ce1 and Ce2.
Bit
@Pup
Name
Description
7
0
PCIF/PCI_DSC2
Drive Strength Control - DSC[2:0]
6
1
PCIF/PCI_DSC0
5
0
USB_DSC2
4
0
USB_DSC0
3
0
SE1/SE2_DSC2
2
0
SE1/SE2_DSC0
1
0
REF_DSC2
0
REF_DSC0
Table 5. Crystal Recommendations
Frequency
(Fund)
Cut
Loading
Load Cap
Drive
(max.)
Shunt Cap
(max.)
Motional
(max.)
Tolerance
(max.)
Stability
(max.)
Aging
(max.)
14.31818 MHz
AT
Parallel
20 pF
0.1 mW
5 pF
0.016 pF
35 ppm
30 ppm
5 ppm
DSC_2
(Byte18)
DSC_1
(Vario us B ytes)
DSC_0
(Byte 18)
Buffer
Strength
1
Strongest
11
0
10
1
10
0
Def ault PCI
01
1
Def ault REF/Usb
01
0
00
1
00
0
Weakest
Figure 1. Crystal Capacitive Clarification
XTAL
Ce2
Ce1
Cs1
Cs2
X1
X2
Ci1
Ci2
Clock Chip
Trace
2.8 pF
Trim
33 pF
Pin
3 to 6p
Figure 2. Crystal Loading Example
Load Capacitance (each side)
Total Capacitance (as seen by the crystal)
Ce = 2 * CL – (Cs + Ci)
Ce1 + Cs1 + Ci1
1
+
Ce2 + Cs2 + Ci2
1
(
)
1
=
CLe