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| 型號： | AD9276-80KITZ |
| 廠商： | Analog Devices Inc |
| 文件頁數(shù)： | 21/48頁 |
| 文件大?。?/td> | 0K |
| 描述： | BOARD EVAL HI SPEED FPGA AD9276 |
| 設(shè)計資源： | AD9276/77 Eval Brd Gerber Files |
| 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)包裝： | 1 |
| ADC 的數(shù)量： | 1 |
| 位數(shù)： | 12 |
| 采樣率（每秒）： | 80M |
| 數(shù)據(jù)接口： | 串行，SPI? |
| 輸入范圍： | 733 mVpp |
| 在以下條件下的電源（標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）： | 195mW @ 40MSPS |
| 工作溫度： | -40°C ~ 85°C |
| 已用 IC / 零件： | AD9276 |
| 已供物品： | 板 |
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AD9276
Rev. 0 | Page 28 of 48
For CW Doppler operation, the AD9276 integrates the LNA,
phase shifter, frequency conversion, and I/Q demodulation
into a single package and directly yields the baseband signal.
Figure 54 is a simplified diagram showing the concept for four
channels. The ultrasound wave (US wave) is received by four
transducer elements, TE1 through TE4, in an ultrasound probe
and generates signals E1 through E4. In this example, the phase
at TE1 leads the phase at TE2 by 45°.
In a real application, the phase difference depends on the
element spacing, wavelength (λ), speed of sound, angle of
incidence, and other factors. In Figure 54, the signals E1
through E4 are amplified by the low noise amplifiers. For
optimum signal-to-noise performance, the output of the LNA
is applied directly to the input of the demodulators. To sum the
signals E1 through E4, E2 is shifted 45° relative to E1 by setting
the phase code in Channel 2 to 0010, E3 is shifted 90° (0100), and
E4 is shifted 135° (0110). The phase-aligned current signals at
the output of the AD9276 are summed in an I-to-V converter to
provide the combined output signal with a theoretical improve-
ment in dynamic range of 6 dB for the four channels.
CW Application Information
The RESET pin is used to synchronize the LO dividers when
using multiple AD9276s. Because they are driven by the same
internal LO, the channels in any AD9276 are inherently syn-
chronous. However, when multiple AD9276s are used, it is
possible for their dividers to wake up in different phase states.
The function of the RESET pin is to phase align all the LO
signals in multiple AD9276s.
The 4LO divider of each AD9276 can be initiated in one of four
possible states: 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270° relative to other AD9276s.
The internally generated I/Q signals of each AD9276 LO are always
at a 90° angle relative to each other, but a phase shift can occur
during power-up between the dividers of multiple AD9276s
used in a common array.
The RESET mechanism also allows the measurement of non-
mixing gain from the RF input to the output. The rising edge of
the active high RESET pulse can occur at any time; however, the
duration should be ≥ 20 ns minimum. When the RESET pulse
transitions from high to low, the LO dividers are reactivated on
the next rising edge of the 4LO clock. To guarantee synchronous
operation of multiple AD9276s, the RESET pulse must go low
on all devices before the next rising edge of the 4LO clock.
Therefore, it is best to have the RESET pulse go low on the falling
edge of the 4LO clock; at the very least, the tSETUP should be ≥ 5 ns.
An optimal timing setup is for the RESET pulse to go high on a
4LO falling edge and to go low on a 4LO falling edge; this gives
15 ns of setup time even at a 4LO frequency of 32 MHz (8 MHz
internal LO).
Check the synchronization of multiple AD9276s using the
following procedure:
1.
Activate at least one channel per AD9276 by setting the
appropriate channel enable bit in the serial interface (see
Table 18, Register 0x2D, Bit 4).
2.
Set the phase code of all AD9276 channels to the same
logic state, for example, 0000.
3.
Apply the same test signal to all devices to generate a sine
wave in the baseband output and measure the output of
one channel per device.
4.
Apply a RESET pulse to all AD9276s.
5.
Because all the phase codes of the AD9276s should be the
same, the combined signal of multiple devices should be N
times greater than a single channel. If the combined signal
is less than N times one channel, one or more of the LO
phases of the individual AD9276s is in error.
S1
S2
S3
S4
E1
E2
E3
E4
90°
45°
135°
0°
SUMMED
OUTPUT
S1 + S2 + S3 + S4
S1 THROUGH S4
ARE NOW
IN PHASE
PHASE BIT
SETTINGS
CH 1
PHASE SET
FOR 135°
LAG
CH 2
PHASE SET
FOR 90°
LAG
CH 3
PHASE SET
FOR 45°
LAG
CH 4
PHASE SET
FOR 0°
LAG
TRANSDUCER
ELEMENTS TE1
THROUGH TE4
CONVERT US TO
ELECTRICAL
SIGNALS
LNA
4 US WAVES
ARE DELAYED
45° EACH WITH
RESPECT TO
EACH OTHER
08
18
0-
0
48
Figure 54. Simplified Example of the AD9276 Phase Shifter
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