MAX1358B
16-Bit, Data-Acquisition System with ADC, DACs,
UPIOs, RTC, Voltage Monitors, and Temp Sensor
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The temperature equations for the two-current and four-
current methods are as follows:
Two-current method:
T = q(VBE2 - VBE1)/(n k ln(VR2/VR1))
Four-current method:
T = q(VBE2 + VBE3 - VBE1 - VBE4)/(n k ln((VR2 x
VR3)/(VR1 x VR4))
where T is the temperature in degrees Kelvin, VBEX is
the base to emitter voltage at current X, VRX is the volt-
age across the current-sensing resistor at current X, q
is the charge on an electron, k is Boltzmann’s constant,
and n is the ideality factor for the diode. From a practi-
cal standpoint, it is easiest to combine all the constants
into one constant that also includes the voltage resolu-
tion of the ADC in unipolar mode. This requires intro-
ducing the term VREF, which is the reference voltage of
the ADC. An N prefix on a term indicates that it is the
integer value read directly from the ADC.
Two-current method:
T = 0.1771 x VREF(NVBE2 - NVBE1)/ln(NVR2/NVR1)
Four-current method:
T = 0.1771 x VREF((NVBE2 + NVBE3 - NVBE1 -
NVBE4)/ln(NVR2 xNVR3/NVR1/NVR4)
The natural log function (ln) is eliminated from the cal-
culation by using an approximation. Due to the small
part-to-part variation in current ratios, this approxima-
tion is extremely accurate.
Two-current method without an ln function:
T = 0.1771 x VREF(NVBE2 – NVBE1)/(2.7081 +
2_(NVR2/NVR1 - 15)/(NVR2/NVR1 + 15)
Four-current method without an ln function:
T = 0.1771 x VREF(NVBE2 + NVBE3 - NVBE1 -
NVBE4)/(2.0794 + 2(NVR2 x NVR3/NVR1/NVR4 - 8)/
(NVR2 x NVR3/NVR1/NVR4 + 8)
q = electron charge = 1.60219 x 10-19 coulombs
n = diode ideality = 1.000 (typ)
k = Boltzmann's constant = 1.3807 x 10-23 Joules/Kelvin
I1 = Nominal current (4A)
I2 = Nominal current ng (60A)
I3 = Nominal current (64A)
I4 = Nominal current (120A)
To convert the measured temperature in Kelvin to
degrees Celsius, the following formula is used:
°C = K - 273.15
For the external temperature measurement, a transistor
such as the 2N3904 is recommended.
Voltage Reference and Buffer
An internal 1.25V bandgap reference has a buffer with
a selectable 1.0V/V, 1.638V/V, or 2.0V/V gain, result-
ing in nominally 1.25V, 2.048V, or 2.5V reference volt-
age at REF. The ADC and DACs use this reference
voltage. The state of the internal voltage reference
output buffer at POR is disabled so it can be driven, at
REF, with an external reference between AGND and
AVDD. The MAX1358B reference has an initial toler-
ance of ±1%. Program the reference buffer through
the serial interface. Bypass REF with a 4.7F capaci-
tor to AGND.
Uncommitted Operational
Amplifiers (Op Amps)
The MAX1358B includes one op amp. The op amp fea-
tures rail-to-rail outputs, near rail-to-rail inputs, and has
an 80kHz (1nF load) input bandwidth. The DACA_OP
(DACB_OP) register controls the power state of the op
amps. When powered down, the outputs of the op
amps is high impedance.