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1s where the polarity of the first 1 is opposite the polarity of the BPV in the last B3ZS/HDB3 codeword. The first 1 is
transmitted according to the normal AMI rule, but the second 1 is transmitted with the same polarity as the first 1,
thus making the second 1 a bipolar violation.
If the transmitter is configured for binary interface format (Section
8.2.2.2) and EXZI = 1, then when the configured
manual error insert control goes from zero to one, the transmitter waits for the next occurrence of three (four)
consecutive zeros in the transmit data stream and inhibits the replacement of those zeros with a B3ZS (HDB3)
codeword.
The transmitter ensures that there is at least one intervening 1 between consecutive BPV or EXZ errors. If a
second error insertion request of a given type (BPV or EXZ) is initiated before a previous request has been
completed, the second request is ignored.
8.2.4 AIS Generation
The transmitter can be configured to transmit an AIS signal by asserting the
TAIS pin or the
PORT.CR3:TAIS
configuration bit. The type of AIS signal to be generated is specified by the LIU mode
(LMn[1:0] pins or
AIST = 0, the AIS signal is unframed all ones for DS3, E3 and STS-1 modes. When AIST = 1, the AIS signal is the
framed DS3 AIS signal in DS3 mode, unframed all ones in E3 mode, and the AIS-L signal in STS-1 mode. The
AIS-L signal is normally scrambled, but scrambling can be disabled by setting
PORT.CR3:SCRD = 1.
8.2.5 Waveshaping
8.2.5.1
Standards-Compliant Waveshaping
Waveshaping converts the transmit clock, positive data, and negative data signals into a single analog AMI signal
with the waveshape required for interfacing to DS3/E3/STS-1 lines.
Figure 8-1 and
Table 8-2 show the DS3
waveform equations and template.
Figure 8-2 and
Table 8-4 show the STS-1 waveform equations and template.
8.2.5.2
Programmable Waveshaping
registers. These signals control the amplitude, slew rates and various other aspects of the waveform template. See
the register descriptions for further details.
8.2.6 Line Build-Out
Because DS3 and STS-1 signals must meet the waveform templates at the cross-connect through any cable length
from 0 to 450 feet, the waveshaping circuitry includes a selectable LBO feature. For cable lengths of 225 feet or
greater, both the
TLBO pin and the
LIU.CR1:TLBO configuration bit should be low to disable the LBO circuitry.
When the LBO circuitry is disabled, output pulses are driven onto the coaxial cable without any preattenuation. For
cable lengths less than 225 feet, either the
TLBO pin or the
LIU.CR1:TLBO configuration bit should be high to
enable the LBO circuitry. When the LBO circuitry is enabled, pulses are preattenuated by the LBO circuitry before
being driven onto the coaxial cable to provide attenuation that mimics the attenuation of 225 feet of coaxial cable.
8.2.7 Line Driver
The transmit line driver can be disabled
(TXP and
TXN outputs high impedance) by deasserting the
TOE pin and
deasserting the
LIU.CR1:TOE configuration bit. Powering down the transmitter through the
TPD pin or the
PORT.CR1:TPD configuration bit also disables the transmit line driver.
8.2.8 Interfacing to the Line
The transmitter interfaces to the outgoing DS3/E3/STS-1 coaxial cable (75
Ω) through a 1:1 isolation transformer
connected to the
TXP and
TXN pins. The transmit line termination can be internal to the device, external to the
device, or a combination of both.
Figure 4-1 shows the arrangement of the transformer when the internal
termination is enabled
(LIU.CR1:TTRE = 1) and no external termination resistors are used.
Figure 4-2 shows the
arrangement of the transformer and external termination resistors when the internal termination is disabled
(
LIU.CR1:TTRE = 0). The internal termination resistor value for the transmitter is specified in
LIU.CR1:TRESADJ.
Table 8-7 and
Table 8-8 specify the required characteristics of the transformer and provide a list of recommended
transformers.