
ADVANCE INFORMATION
VPX 322xE
8
Micronas
2. Functional Description
The following sections provide an overview of the differ-
ent functional blocks within the VPX. Most of them are
controlled by the Fast Processor (
‘
FP
’
) embedded in the
decoder. For controlling, there are two classes of regis-
ters: I
2
C registers (directly addressable via I
2
C bus) and
FP-RAM registers (RAM memory of the FP; indirectly
addressable via I
2
C bus). For further information, see
section 2.15.1.
2.1. Analog Front-End
This block provides the analog interfaces to all video in-
puts and mainly carries out analog-to-digital conversion
for the following digital video processing. A block dia-
gram is given in Fig. 2
–
1.
Clamping, AGC, and clock DCO are digitally controlled.
The control loops are closed by the embedded proces-
sor.
2.1.1. Input Selector
Up to four analog inputs can be connected. Three inputs
(VIN1
–
3) are for input of composite video or S-VHS luma
signal. These inputs are clamped to the sync back porch
and are amplified by a variable gain amplifier. Two in-
puts, one dedicated (CIN) and one shared (VIN1), are
for connection of S-VHS carrier-chrominance signal.
The chrominance input is internally biased and has a
fixed gain amplifier.
2.1.2. Clamping
The composite video input signals are AC coupled to the
IC. The clamping voltage is stored on the coupling ca-
pacitors and is generated by digitally controlled current
sources. The clamping level is the back porch of the vid-
eo signal. S-VHS chroma is AC coupled. The input pin
is internally biased to the center of the ADC input range.
2.1.3. Automatic Gain Control
A digitally working automatic gain control adjusts the
magnitude of the selected baseband by +6/
–
4.5 dB in 64
logarithmic steps to the optimal range of the ADC.
2.1.4. Analog-to-Digital Converters
Two ADCs are provided to digitize the input signals.
Each converter runs with 20.25 MHz and has 8-bit reso-
lution. An integrated bandgap circuit generates the re-
quired reference voltages for the converters. The two
ADCs are of a 2-stage subranging type.
2.1.5. ADC Range
The ADC input range for the various input signals and
the digital representation is given in Table 2
–
1 and Fig.
2
–
2. The corresponding output signal levels of the
VPX 32xx are also shown.
2.1.6. Digitally Controlled Clock Oscillator
The clock generation is also a part of the analog front
end. The crystal oscillator is controlled digitally by the
FP; the clock frequency can be adjusted within
±
150 ppm.
Fig. 2
–
1:
Analog front-end
input mux
CVBS/Y
CVBS/Y
CVBS/Y/C
Chroma
VIN3
VIN2
VIN1
CIN
clamp
bias
reference
generation
gain
frequency
ADC
ADC
DCVO
±
150
ppm
digital CVBS or Luma
digital Chroma
system clocks
20.25 MHz
AGC
+6/
–
4.5 dB