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376 EMBEDDED PROCESSOR
240182–18
NOTE:
Since A
23
is HIGH during automatic communication with coprocessor, A
23
HIGH and M/IO LOW can be used to easily
generate a coprocessor select signal.
Figure 4.3. Physical Memory and I/O Spaces
4.4 Bus Functional Description
The 80376 has separate, parallel buses for data and
address. The data bus is 16 bits in width, and bidi-
rectional. The address bus provides a 24-bit value
using 23 signals for the 23 upper-order address bits
and 2 Byte Enable signals to directly indicate the
active bytes. These buses are interpreted and con-
trolled by several definition signals.
The definition of each bus cycle is given by three
signals: M/IO, W/R and D/C. At the same time, a
valid address is present on the byte enable signals,
BHE and BLE, and the other address signals
A
23
–A
1
. A status signal, ADS, indicates when the
80376 issues a new bus cycle definition and ad-
dress.
Collectively, the address bus, data bus and all asso-
ciated control signals are referred to simply as ‘‘the
bus’’. When active, the bus performs one of the bus
cycles below:
1. Read from memory space
2. Locked read from memory space
3. Write to memory space
4. Locked write to memory space
5. Read from I/O space (or coprocessor)
6. Write to I/O space (or coprocessor)
7. Interrupt acknowledge (always locked)
8. Indicate halt, or indicate shutdown
Table 4.2 shows the encoding of the bus cycle defi-
nition signals for each bus cycle. See
Bus Cycle
Definition Signals
for additonal information.
When the 80376 bus is not performing one of the
activities listed above, it is either Idle or in the Hold
Acknowledge state, which may be detected by ex-
ternal circuitry. The idle state can be identified by the
80376 giving no further assertions on its address
strobe output (ADS) since the beginning of its most
recent bus cycle, and the most recent bus cycle hav-
ing been terminated. The hold acknowledge state is
identified by the 80376 asserting its hold acknowl-
edge (HLDA) output.
The shortest time unit of bus activity is a bus state. A
bus state is one processor clock period (two CLK2
periods) in duration. A complete data transfer occurs
during a bus cycle, composed of two or more bus
states.
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