
XRT7245
DS3 UNI FOR ATM
á
PRELIMINARY
REV. 1.03
190
Definition of the DS3 Frame Overhead Bits
In general, the DS3 Frame Overhead Bits serve the
following three purposes:
Support Frame Synchronization between the
Near-End and Far-End DS3 Terminals
Provide parity bits in order to facilitate perfor-
mance monitoring and error detection.
Support the transmission of Alarms, Status, and
Data Link information to the Far-End DS3 Terminal.
1.
2.
3.
The OH bits supporting each of these purposes are
further defined below.
6.4.3.1
Frame Synchronization Bits (Applies
to both M13 and C-bit Parity Framing
Formats)
Each DS3 Frame (M-frame) contains a total of 31 bits
that support frame synchronization. Each DS3 M-frame
contains three M-bits. According to Tables 27 and 28,
these M-bits are the first bits in F-frames 5, 6 and 7.
These three bits appear in each M-frame with the re-
peating pattern of “010”. This fact is also presented in
Tables 27 and 28, which contains bit-fields that are
designated as: M0, M1, and M0 (where M0 = “0”, and
M1 = “1”).
Each F-frame contains four F-bits; which also aid in
synchronization between the Near-end and Far-end
DS3 terminals. Therefore, each DS3 M-frame consists
of a total of 28 F-bits. These F-bits exhibit a repeating
pattern of “1001” within each F-frame. This fact is al-
so presented in Tables 27 and 28, which contains bit-
fields that are designated as: F1, F0, F0, and F1
(where F0 = “0”, and F1 = “1”).
Each of these bit-fields will be used by the Receive
DS3 Framer, in order to perform Frame Acquisition
and Frame Maintenance functions. For more informa-
tion on how the Receive DS3 Framer uses these bit-
fields, please see Section 7.1.2.2.
6.4.3.2
The DS3 Frame uses numerous bit fields to support
performance monitoring of the transmission link be-
tween the Transmit DS3 Framer and the “Far-End”
Receive DS3 Framer. The DS3 frame can contain
two types of parity bits, depending upon the framing
format chosen. P-bits are available in both the M13
and C-bit Parity Formats. However, the C-bit Parity
format also includes additional “C-Parity” bits. In the
XRT7245 DS3 UNI, the C-Parity bit-fields are not
used nor processed by the Receive DS3 Framer.
Therefore, they will not be discussed any further.
Performance Monitoring Bits (Parity)
P-Bits (Applies to M13 and C-Bit Parity Frame
Formats)
Each DS3 M-frame consists of two (2) P-bits. These
two P-bits carry the parity information of the previous
DS3 frame for performance monitoring. These two P-
bits must be identical, within a given DS3 frame. The
Transmit DS3 Framer will compute the even parity
over all 4704 payload bits in a DS3 frame, and insert
the resulting parity information in the P-bit fields of
the very next DS3 frame. The two P-bits are set to “1”
if the payload of the previous DS3 frame consists of
an odd number of “ones” in the frame. Conversely, the
two P-bits are set to zero if an even number of “ones”
is found in the payload of the previous DS3 frame. For
information on how the Receive DS3 Framer handles
P-bits, please see Section 7.1.2.4.1.
6.4.3.3
Alarm-, Signaling-Related
Overhead Bits
Alarm Indication Signal (AIS) Detection (C-Bit
Parity Framing Format only)
The Alarm Indication Signal (AIS) pattern is a main-
tenance signal that is inserted into the “outbound”
DS3 stream when a failure is detected by the “Near-
End” Receiver. The Transmit DS3 Framer will generate
the AIS pattern as defined in ANSI.T1.107a-1990,
which is described as follows.
Valid M-bits, F-bits, and P-bits
All C-bits are zeros
All X-bits are set to “1”
A repeating “1010...” pattern is written into the pay-
load of the DS3 frames.
Consequently, no ATM cell data will be transmitted
while the Transmit DS3 Framer is transmitting an AIS
pattern.
IDLE Condition Signal
The IDLE Condition signal is used to indicate that the
DS3 channel is functionally sound, but has not yet
been assigned any traffic. The Transmit DS3 Framer
will transmit the IDLE Condition signal as defined in
ANSI T1.107a-1990, which is described as follows.
Valid M-bits, F-bits, and P-bits
The three CP-bits (F-frame #3) are zeros
The X-bits are set to “1”
A repeating “1100..” pattern is written into the pay-
load of the DS3 frames.